Daf Hashavua - Nedarim 78a

Okay, good evening everyone. We're continuing in Daf Hashavua. We're learning Maseches Nedarim Daf Ayin Ches. We are up to Neymar Khan. What is this talking about? We just said that there's a fundamental difference between the way the ba'al annuls and the way the husband annuls. The ba'al annuls belashon hafarah. He annuls it mikan ulahaba, from here and on. However, the chacham does it belashon hatarah she'eilah me'ikara, in other words, retroactively. So, the Gemara says like this, Neymar Khan zeh hadavar. Veneymar lehalon zeh hadavar. It says here zeh hadavar, says by hataras nedarim zeh hadavar. And it says by what is called the shchutei chutz zeh hadavar. Mabishchutei chutz Aharon uvanav vechol Yisrael. Just like shchutei chutz Aharon and his sons and all of Klal Yisrael by shchutei chutz the issur applies equally to Aharon and his sons and all of Klal Yisrael. Av parshas nedarim Aharon uvanav vechol Yisrael. So, to the parshas nedarim it's Aharon and his sons and all of Klal Yisrael. Meaning the ability to be mater nedarim applies to Aharon applies to his sons and applies to all of Klal Yisrael, which implies even hedyotos. Umma Khan rashei hamatos. But so, that's what we learn out from shchutei chutz. Shchutei chutz applies to all of Israel. So, we're going to extend that to hataras nedarim. But by hataras nedarim it mentions rashei hamatos. Umma Khan rashei hamatos. Aflahalon rashei hamatos. Just like by hataras nedarim it says rashei hamatos, so too over there it refers to rashei hamatos. Says the Ran, Neymar Khan zeh hadavar beparshas nedarim. Mabishchutei chutz Aharon uvanav vechol Yisrael. D'achsi bereisha hei parsha, says at the beginning of that parsha, daber el Aharon veal banav veal kol benei Yisrael shekulam shavin bah. They're all equal. Af beparshas nedarim it says Aharon uvanav vechol Yisrael dekulam ksheirin, they're all kasher lehataras haneder to mater the neder. But just like by hataras nedarim it says umma Khan rashei hamatos denedarim derashei hamatos ksivuha, aflahalon beshchutei chutz rashei hamatos. Umeifaresh lekamman lemai halacha. It explains later on regarding what halacha. Meaning the Gemara will explain later on regarding what halacha do we say all of Klal Yisrael and regarding what halacha do we say it has to be dafka rashei hamatos. So, says the Gemara derashei beparshas nedarim lemai halacha. Regarding what halacha do we say for parshas nedarim there's gezeiras shavah to say all of Klal Yisrael. Regarding what are we extending this gezeiras shavah to say all of Klal Yisrael for hataras nedarim? Says Gemara Amar Rav Achah bar Yaakov, lekayev lehakshir shlosha hedyotos. To allow three regular guys to do ha- ha- hataras nedarim. That's what it means kol Yis- um kol Yisrael. Where it says by shchutei chutz zeh hadavar, so we learn to hataras nedarim kol Yisrael. Mabishchutei chutz Aharon uvanav vechol Yisrael. Here also. Says the Gemara Rav Aharon shei hamatos ksiv. But what do you mean? But it also says by nedarim rashei hamatos. Amar Rav Chisda Amar Rav Beitem Rav Yochana biyachid mumcha. It's to teach that even a yachid mumcha could do it. So, we learn from the gezeiras shavah shalosha hedyotos, but we learn from rashei hamatos even a yachid mumcha. Says the Ran barashei hamatos ksiv umashma avel hedyotos lai, umashma benai hedyotos. Biyachid mumcha dekeivan degezeiras shavah marbei hedyotos. Since gezeiras shavah includes hedyotos derashei hamatos memailu and rashei hamatos is memayei hedyotos, al korach istelu lekayem et ra'ayo. We fulfill both. Rashei hamatos biyachid vehedyotos beshlosha. Vecheiteima tlosha min halacha. So, you'll say I understand rashei hamatos says yachid mumcha. And Aharon uvanav kol Yisrael teaches me even hedyotos. How do you know three? The answer is because it's not one so it's mistaber it's not two it's mistaber it's three like a beis din. Keivan demafkelei me'echad okmei al tlosha kein beis din. Okay. The Gemara continues. Now we say umma Khan rashei hamatos aflahalon rashei hamatos. The question is, well in what regard do we need rashei hamatos for by shchutei chutz? Rashei hamatos beshchutei chutz lemai halacha. Amar Rav Sheishes, lo im ashei she'eilah behektesh. It's to teach that there is she'eilah by hektesh. Meaning that if somebody's makdish something you can you can be mashal on it, you can be sho'el on it and you could you could uproot it from its origin. So, the Gemara says that's great if you hold that there is she'eilah by hektesh, but what if you hold ein she'eilah behektesh? Says Gemara lemai lebei Shammai de'amar ein she'eilah behektesh, rashei hamatos deksiv. By shchutei chutz lemai ksiv? In other words lemai halacha. Lebei Shammai de'amar ein she'eilah behektesh, rashei hamatos deksiv beshchutei chutz lemai halacha. Regarding what does it say rashei hamatos by shchutei chutz? So so, the Gemara says it doesn't. Beis Shammai doesn't hold of the gezeiras shavah. Beis Shammai never subscribed to the gezeiras shavah. Only Beis Hillel subscribes to the gezeiras shavah. Says Gemara it's to tell you tell you Beis Shammai learns the gezeiras shavah. Beis Shammai doesn't hold of the gezeiras shavah, so therefore rashei hamatos is not applicable to shchutei chutz. Okay. Well, if Beis Shammai doesn't hold of the gezeiras shavah, why does the Torah have to say zeh hadavar by nedarim? Because we're not learning it out of anything from shchutei chutz. One second, if Beis Shammai doesn't hold of the gezeiras shavah how does Beis Shammai know that even three hedyotos The Gemara is going to ask that question coming up. So, the Gemara says zeh hadavar beparshas nedarim lemai ksiv? Why does it say zeh hadavar by nedarim? Lo im chacham mater ve'ein ba'al mater. Zeh hadavar teaches me a chacham is mater. And the ba'al is not mater he's meifer. Ba'al meifer ve'ein chacham meifer. It has to be dafka in that way. So, you'll ask well, Beis Hillel needs that limud. So, how is he able to make the gezeiras shavah? The answer is because it's extra by shchutei chutz. Zeh hadavar is extra by shchutei chutz even though it's not extra by uh nedarim. But the question though is in Beis Shammai, why does it say zeh hadavar by shchutei chutz? Bishlama according to Beis Hillel it says zeh hadavar by shchutei chutz to make the gezeiras shavah, but Beis Shammai doesn't learn the gezeiras shavah. So, why does it say zeh hadavar by shchutei chutz? Lomar al ashchutah chayav ve'ein chayav al hamelikah. To teach that you're only chayav for shchitah and you're not chayav for melikah. You're not chayav for melikah's chutz only for shchitah's chutz. So, you'll ask, how does Beis Hillel know this? >> What would base Hillel hold? How does base Hillel know that not on the Malika? Let's see the run. Um, Lo yomar she'eish ela baheqdesh. What is this going on? Lo yomar she'eish she'eila baheqdesh. That Rashei Hamatos by kodshim is to teach that there's she'eila baheqdesh im heqdesh beheima. Bishachta bahutz. Let's say you sanctified an animal and you shachted it outside. Vi'achar kach nishal and then you were shail on it, patur. Dikivan she'eish she'eila baheqdesh, since there's she'eila baheqdesh, ke'ilu lo heqdishah me'eilam. It's like she was not maqdishah ever. Dumi, dechakham oker haneder me'ikara. A chakham is oker haneder to begin with. The Beis Shammai de'amrei ein she'eila baheqdesh, according to Beis Shammai who says there's no she'eila baheqdesh, so what do we do with Zeh Hadavar? Right, the Gemara asks, oh, what what why do I need Rashei Hamatos? And the answer is it doesn't say it. Rashi and the Ran, Rashei Hamatos shibush d'chuts miyados. Dikivan de'alfinan shome'a al lo shome'a ilu k'siv behu nami Rashei Hamatos. Zeh Hadavar leBeis Shammai d'lo imuk milah leGezeirah Shavah. Zeh Hadavar teaches me chakham matir ein ba'al matir. Bechi teima leBeis Hillel d'imuk milah leGezeirah Shavah, min alaiha? How does he know this? Ikla meimar. Dimina na na nami al fila. He will also learn from Zeh Hadavar. The ba'al is meifar and the the chakham is matir. I, din he deZeh Hadavar deNedarim lav mufneh it's true Zeh Hadavar baNedarim is not extra. Kivan deZeh Hadavar deShutei Chutz mufneh, since Zeh Hadavar baShutei Chutz is extra, haveli mufneh mitzad achad. It's extra only on one side ulam meidan and we could learn out. So we asked, Zeh Hadavar baShutei Chutz, what do I need it for? It's not for Gezeirah Shavah. LeBeis Shammai d'lo Gezeirah Shavah lomar Shutei Chutz chayev. And where does Beis Hillel learn it out from? So the Ran says from somewhere else. Beis Hillel nafka lo midek siv asher yishachit es ha'olas kayanim. So now the Gemara asks, elu leBeis Shammai la'achshev sheloshet yodos min alaiha? How does Beis Shammai know to machshev three head yodos? Fishlama, according to Beis Hillel he learns it from Gezeirah Shavah from Shutei Chutz. But Beis Shammai doesn't hold the Gezeirah Shavah baShutei Chutz. Says the Ran, gimmel head yodos min alaiha dehal leBeis Shammai af ilu miGezeirah Shavah deShutei Chutz? Says the Gemara, nafka lo mideRav Asi bar Nasan. He learns it from Rav Asi bar Nasan. Dek siv vayedaber Moshe es Mo'adei Hashem el Bnei Yisrael. Moshe spoke the yamim tovim of Hashem to the Bnei Yisrael. VaTanya, we learned in a braisa, Rebbi Yishmael Glili omer, Rebbi Yishmael Glili says, says vayedaber Moshe es Mo'adei Hashem el Bnei Yisrael. VaTanya Rebbi Yishmael Glili omer Mo'adei nemru. It talks about the yamim tovim velo nemrah Shabbos parshas Emor. But in parshas Emor it doesn't talk about Shabbos. But by the way, that's a big question and because the problem is it does talk about Shabbos. Shabbos is actually the very first thing mentioned. Ben Azai omer Mo'adei nemru. It talks about the yamim tovim. Velo nemrah parshas Nedarim imah. And it doesn't talk about Nedarim. Which that's also a problem because it does talk about Nedarim right before the parshas of Mo'adim and right before Pinchas. I'm sorry. After the Mo'adim in Pinchas it talks about Nedarim and Matos. Yeah? So, but the Gemara will explain what this braisa means. Rav Asi bar Nasan kasha leha masni. So Rav Asi, the son of Nasan found a a question on this braisa. Aslo leNarda lekam Rav Sheishes. So he brought it to Narda before Rav Sheishes. So why ask him? He couldn't find Rav Sheishes. Rav Sheishes wasn't there. Aslo baAsi Machoza. So he followed him to Machoza. Amalei said to him, Mo'adei Hashem nemru. The Mo'adim of Hashem were said velo nemrah Shabbos parshas Emor. And Shabbos parshas was not said with them. Meaning he said over the braisa that Rebbi Yishmael Glili said that it talks about the yamim tovim and it doesn't talk about Shabbos. What do you mean? Vehaksvi Shabbos imah. It does say Shabbos. Vesoo, and further, Mo'adei Hashem nemru. The braisa says it talks about the Mo'adim of Hashem velo nemrah parshas Nedarim imah. What do you mean? Vehamesitrei ksvi. It says it on the side. Meaning right after parshas Pinchas it talks about the Mo'adim. So this is the kasha that Rav Asi bar Nasan followed Rav Sheishes in order to ask Rav Sheishes. Says the holy Ran, Velo nemrah Shabbos parshas Emor k'sagi dagid in parshas Mo'ados. Velo nemrah parshas Nedarim imah in Mo'ados. I voc ksvi Shabbos parshas Emor. Debei Seider Emor el hakohenim ksvi Shabbos uMo'ados basar achi bechol haparshesa. I, vehamesitrei ksvi. It says it on the side. Parshas Nedarim ksvi bekzei parshas Mo'ados. The parshas Nedarim says on the side of parshas Mo'ados. Debei Seider Pinchas ksvi kulam Mo'ados. In Pinchas it says all the Mo'ados basar achi. BeRashei Hamatos. And afterwards it talks about the Rashei Hamatos parshas Nedarim. Sitra targum shel katzei. Sitra is the translation of the edge. Okay, that is ayin ches amud alef. That is it. And be'ezras Hashem tomorrow night, siyata d'shmaya, she'nizkeh le'an ayin ches amud beis. And then we're almost finished the perek. Have a good night everyone. Shkoyach.