Derech Emunah: A Brief History of Usage of Manuscripts of the Gemara Through the Ages

foreign [Music] welcome back Rabbi Dr Eliezer broth as we continue along this journey of discovering new manuscripts and today there's going to be a seismic shift the focus of our conversation till now we've been discussing new manuscripts of reshunting him refresh and Madras today we're going to start discussing manuscripts of the Gomorrah itself many of you have heard of the safety of the 2K cipherim which is a compilation of all kinds of gear solids and everything else today's episode is going to focus a lot on changing of your size we all learn the gemara and we see Rashi has a Hawking guy scene on we see the bach changing your size where are they coming from how are they doing that we're going to focus on that today as always season two of rookheim's farm and this rhyme storm was the excuse to explore all this because when I get back to our Prime eventually dedicated by an anonymous donor we thank him so very much and as mentioned before we plan on putting out an episode on the origins of Ataris and a donor would be greatly appreciated to cover this episode and will be a great great for the person and whoever they would like to dedicate it in memory of or as a Thrust 4. brings it all brings it all to the table and we're gonna have a great episode on tarzadar Michael we are also looking forward to an episode on the haschakala which is also right around the corner so stay tuned for those episodes before Rabbi Dr yazabra begins a lot of what he talks about today was compiled in yeshurun and he'll elaborate a little bit more and you should run in Nissan tuftshini and aleph in some of this was written down but obviously we are 12 years later and Rabbi that girl has a brat has been hard at work updating and adding to this beautiful sheer he's gonna give today so everybody I guess sit down fasten your seatbelts and let's get going how are you today okay very nice introduction over there what do you have to say so let's let's continue and follow up a couple of things from last time yes before we get into the gamara it's very briefly just to manage two things that just recently came across one is in last episode specifically we spoke about how there was different ways how far more published and we spoke about and other and the Garbo so started a Mahone so to speak eventually as we know today there's many Mahones around I just wanted to mention that I came across I quoted a few times already the volumes called schneist from the dester collection and volume 6 has in in 1878 and you shall I am there was many manuscripts and there was an attempt also to create a Mahone to publish it Macomb was the attempt was supposed to be published was the rebiakov Mordechai hershenson and desler Princeton is volume six the calcaira in the a photocopy of it is beautifully written and in saphras letters the importance of publishing with China and the plans and it's similar to the plans of the other macombs and and it had a scamus of various it seems to have not been able to take off he was successful at least later on um publishing the arzarua which we've discussed in an earlier episode that's horror number one and our number two is a few years back sometimes there's a goddal that in history we know about them and then but there's really nothing left behind from them um sometimes there's material Left Behind from them but it's not published it sounds like to be published until who knows what happens and Hashem is causes that it that it gets published one such person was the maggot of vilna it was a tremendous tremendous for many years um his name was Rob Zombieville his father was the famous author of the tallest Adam and he was the Magna vilna for numerous years I would say 30 years or something um maybe he dies like 1860 1867 or something and he's a tremendous time like I'm also just to understand he wasn't just a guy that knew how to speak well in the when there was the fight in valuation of who should be the um Russia Shiva the native he was called in to be on the best then you don't it's not such a you'd rather slouch if you're on that and it's now at in his lifetime he was famous and everything but they found drushas of his has paid them and stuff a whole volume it seems to be is in the wyu library I was published a few years back in um 2006 I believe Russia's homagami vilna incredible materials could be found in this volume it has not yet been used to how much material is in here one of the in the course of Russia he talks about how we find aquarium arguing are we showing him or if they should or they shouldn't and the famous thing the famous command Shabbos um how what are we and the famous martial quotes about the of that we're um where midgets on the shoulders of giants and he talks all about this thing he says sometimes we find that asks can we showing him questions and um and they're not Yuri to the image of the kavana of the reshaiden other times it sounds like that might even be right but if we but he says if we would be able to understand the restraining many times we shine are probably right um just when we're weaker and we're not able to um understand them so he says he brings a interesting uh last comma from the arkhadash on the safer it was it seems there was a DNA entice system service and basically there's a martial asked a question this is the martial asked this question and the place who has an answer and then martial talks about it there's a whole tomorrow he says lamisa later on what was published to shitum kubetsis and we see from the shooting the whole deal back and forth was found where Dion rabbinutam and Dari so he says here we see the the acronym they're not better that we see the Galas and it just takes time to understand it and to penetrate it and sometimes with all these to see these conversations that akrona were having that they knew this and they were they were well aware of all this goes he has an unbelievable Dr Russia um what he does with this and everything that's beyond the scope but just I feel that we're talking so much um the past few episodes in the hashivas of the a lot of times of these discoveries are many times when one opens up them up you will see that the vishaynim already knew what were handling later on okay these are just two hours now we'll just get down to the main episode today so you mentioned very clearly what we plan on doing so now with that let me let I'm just just to add a drop to that and to tie into Pine kanyevsky because that's the excuse for the tangent and then we'll then we'll go straight to the topics okay number the point is like this up till now we've discussed that this tremendous significance uh the tremendous discoveries and publications of restraining we were focusing mostly on Richards and we mentioned just a little bit that there's a the same thing is happening in Richard and the madrasi Allah okay the elephant in the room is but what about the actual gearsa of the gamara if you open up a region and you see a different character does that even happen and the answer is yes it does and what's the story about that and especially very relevant now recording while learning at Durham and every other page right the Ryan is a different gear so let's not read it the way it's an algemor that's really definitely those learning you sound me which I'm not sure you're going to discuss now it's probably a whole separate discussion that is also full of it but let's see um but yes you shallow me then it forget about that we did speak a little bit about it when we spoke about your xiaomi when we had a whole episode by Sean we mentioned a little bit about this but today we're focusing this okay now so just to start and this these two these two pieces will help us um Broad and have a broader thing and then we'll get to which is like this in um the 1820s ayid was born ironic I'm not getting into his historical background he dies in 1893 a significant discovery of his was that he found numerous midrashim that he published in a volumes in volumes called bate medrish and these are numerous numerous madrasium small madrasium and obviously the question is what are all these midrashram about and this starts being published in 1853 until 1877 it's nice to today today if one finds it it's two nice fat volumes of many many different addresses later on in 1915 Aid um known as eisenstein he was famous for putting out all these volumes called eitzer this Israel which was an encyclopedia and one of the volumes that he put out was called eitzer midrashem and this is a collection of madrasium based on Yannick he gives Janet full credit and then he adds on more madrasion that was covered ever since 1877 with Yelp our hero of the episodes all over in all his farm because he was he was fascinated by to see all the different Russia okay very good now there's a discussion about in general about eisenstein discussed the whole recent discussion a few years back in the yushino journal we're not going to get into that now just to throw that out there but what's significant is like this people got very upset about how in many shoes in Yeshiva libraries everywhere you can find there's a safe ride to Mid Russian and how do you have it um this problematic statement sometimes found in these madrasium anyway at a certain point in time published um there's a there's a company in benebra called meshar they reissued the eitzen midrashem in 1993 and they got from uhurus of his that he wrote on the side of his ultimate rasham now What's significant is like this brings a madrish he'll bring he'll say this magic you could rely on up till this point but then take out this line but he doesn't say I checked the manuscript to see or I have five manuscripts and you I'm telling you based on certain manuscripts that should be in there he says these lines are problematic and he go and it seems in his actual it's midrashram which I imagine will eventually go up on auction one of these days for a crazy sum of money there's hundreds of dozens of these artists published in this major Edition okay that's number one this is so Hiro hankoyevski is not doing it based on manuscripts although we have said he worked on a management fund so another thing when you learn gemara the 2K sorry frame which we're going to discuss the origin of the duplicate server shortly butevsky in his farm you'll find him using it I'm not going to tell you you're going to see it every at every page but you find someone's asked them quite a fan of the question one of them they put out is rsan siddler asked to a certain thing he says looking to say from how he has the gear so instech hasada a few places he has um I'm using the using the the uh a few times he's aware of it even the more recent additions of Duke recession which means is it to based on manuscripts changes in the gemara okay these are two pieces of information with replying kaneevsky and now we will move to specifically talk about um the main part of what we hope to do today okay so now um first by the way of introduction and this is his files at a certain point in time the um the gemara is transferred from Tyrese means it's written down it's recorded now with we are not going into when that exactly happens and what that means but at least in the times the risham appears they had manuscripts of talmud badly which is the focus of our discussion so without going through the earliest we shine him or discussion in the game what happens was going straight into rashing Rashi is someone that we when we learn he's one of the most one of the most important or the most important parshan of learning gemara will be crippled without Rashi and many times when you learn a gemara it's like how is Rashi how does Rashi know to add in these words where is he even getting it from mind-boggling every time if you just look at Raw gamara Rashi what Rashi did for us and we where we would be without Rashi anyway and there's a lot to say Obviously one common thing in Rashi that we find all the time is Rashi says something of a lotion something like this and we'll just give you the data about this Rashi it's coming we'll find haki garcinan or Lloyd garcino and it's clear it means that Rashi is being misaki he's fixing the lotion of the gumar now that is the a known thing okay if one wants to see the data of how many times this happens in permissive so a few years back an incredible work was put out called amudum from Professor yaakov Spiegel and in his in this book on page 106 he lists out the data of shafts each massage how many guys there are Rashi changed doing this in each massage has 80. Shabbos has 113 and we're not going to go through the rest of the shots but it's very very common in Rashi nazia which we're coming up to is 15 but that will have to be discussion about Rashia Nazir which we'll get to okay now that's how she does that's number one so the question obviously is is when Rashi says this makes this change what's it based on was we're actually sitting in a room that had in it a bunch of manuscripts or not okay so obviously this is a question which a lot could be said about it and we're just we're just trying to give a smorgasbord today trying to cover a lot of information in one in just one episode if we're going to be able to okay so a few years back Professor Schlage gave a lecture and I think the lecture took place in Strasbourg France this took place in 2005. it's been recently published in his work called Messiah Vol 2 which just came out anyway he talks about that Rashi so much was written about Rashi and he actually complains that he just was recently at this time he was at a series of three days of lectures on rushing where over 30 lectures were given about Rashi but but one of the most important things about Rashi rashi's Persian talmud they don't just they didn't discuss kamat in any of the 30 lectures that he was listening to what should they have discussed he said that not only this is actually a mefarish of the talmud Rashi is one of the greatest people to be Isaac of the talmud as he does in all these things okay and we and the question that should be dealt with is what how did Rashi do this and what was the response to this with Rashi this was his complaint that he talks about in in in his lecture that he gave and now it's published and he talks all about it okay now um okay so that's number one number two is with Rashi and um now I'm just saying is as for just understand there's a lot happening in all that we're showing him at this period um about this topic and there's obviously different approaches with um versus but we're not going into all the different aspects we're just trying to talk about one perhaps so kitsarashi makes changes so the question obviously is what are these changes based on so a summation of this could be found LA Marshall there's a professor there's a doctor Aaron Aaron who has spent a lot of time we've quoted a few of his Works he put out based on all the manuscripts so Rashi a critical edition of Rashi so in the introduction of the work on sukkah page 76 he talks about what does Rashi do so he tries to sum it up and and that and he and he brings a gavaldica piece from Rashi and sukudaphras she brings down then she says they had such a gear set then she says she says the kids are you see here Rashi talking about seeing manuscripts of talmud of people from his times and other people now the um and this is what um Aaron deals with also in his introduction and other people that talk about it is what were these changes and it turns out that sometimes these changes are based up many are based on manuscripts that were actually had saw some of it we do have today not always because some times it could be preserved in other manuscripts okay but this is just a very basic thing about it fast forward rubbing the time his famous grandson puts out a safe out Yasha incredible work which we only meant we mentioned in one of the earlier episodes when it comes to light in the early 1800s is the first time but what was one of the main focuses to deal with the gearsalis of the gemara interestingly enough he's upset at Rashi not at Rashi but what it caused in a short time from when Rashi wrote this these Horus it got Incorporated in the talmud that the the you have to understand Rashi it's not like today you had a gamara and Rashi on the side Rashi printed that printed published manuscripts just had his horse and then because of it it instantly took off and the next time there was a gamara that came out let's say Rashi were talking about Rashi on sukkah so the next edition of sukkah they said oh Rashi already changed it so the so the key of the scribes changed the gear so without letting you know by the way there's an early gear so says that this is a terrible thing it's meant to be on the sign that was rashi's kavana but you have to keep the original nusak because we know you're not supposed to erase the original because it could just because you don't understand it even Rashi might not understand it but it could be later on someone will come and explain it and obviously this is a discussion a lot to discuss we're not going to go into all the aspects of it but this is in short um a great discussion in the times that we shine him Rashi um and many others and the origins of this question and at Khan that's all I would like to speak about through China but just it gives us a sense of what's Happening basically we're talking about in a manuscript period of time and that's before the publishing time Rashi was changing it and now the question obviously is does it mean the times you're showing them you could just Stam go change it because you don't think it makes sense it's its own conversation but this is what Rashi was doing so it's many times based on manuscripts okay so at can we showing him now we will move on to the printing period of time now by way of introduction I just want to throw out there we're talking about the gemara what about the sither so the sitter everyone knows constantly new sodorum come out what's the story with that so at one point in time and there was a eardropsy cipher and he puts out an edition of and he was commissioned interestingly enough in the at the urid in the 16 early 1600s by the God dailym because they already realized even though the printing press wasn't around that long wasn't he around for 200 years we're talking about 1610 so many mistakes this is a pro even though the printing press is very important and it makes things much accessible but there's also a thing as mistakes so mistakes in davening were all over the place and they needed they realized already then we need to fix it up so they commissioned him who was a big bomb addict to try to work on it now what what's the we're not going to get into the whole story of the mice are the only time the city you can only get to sit there in recent years it's when it finally comes out thanks to the work of yitzuk shafts and chats and a few other people but earlier on in 1979 Stefan Rife published a book on it based on his Doctorate under naftali reader called chapstick Cipher in his prayer book where there he already published various pieces of it now what's why am I bringing this in very simple one of the key ways how sharpsy Cipher made his Corrections was through manuscripts of sudurman gamaras that he had to use for this thing now what's the point it had a scummers of the daily amongst the people signing this is the Martian which will play out in a few months in a few minutes okay this is agdama now now okay great but what about gamara so gamara we move on to the Marshall so the Marshall which is worthy of many episodes the hashivas of this Godel but one of the things was he was murdered into the Nusrat of the gemara okay he gather once you mentioned siddhar if shops which had hundreds of it's lost but in this room it's preserved and raifa has an article about that too anyway be there as it may when you talk about the gemara so the martial was checking the printed at that time there weren't that many provocations of gamara there was only Bromberg editions and a few others so let's say there was two three editions of the ramberg Edition and he was making changes on this so obviously we have to understand what was the manuscripts that the printing press used for the gemara okay and the Marshall when he's making the changes didn't mean that Marshall had manuscripts in front of him or was it okay those are valid questions that need to be explored which we're not going to go into again I refer you to the book of Spiegel and there's a work of yitzuk run um just to mention something comical that the um that comical chemical to some not necessarily to everyone but the other head there was an there was an article in Elizabeth when they were talking about their shafts in 2008 that took place this advertising this this interview took place in 2008 so the the editors the chief editors they realized that there's that there's a lot it's not so Pusher to understand the martials that are found in the back of the gamara so someone brought to them attention that there's a yid Yitzhak run and they write a whole they write um heavilin in his new book brings a photocopy of this article you like they found out that there's a guy that worked on it anyway but the the point is this you took Ron worked on to establish what was the martial working on what was he correcting now what happened is like this similar to Rashi the martial was not touching the gemara he wrote haris on the side of his gemara after he dies in 1582 and these were Corrections of the various editions of that he had of the gemara he never meant it to be incorporated into the gemara it should be on the side the printers decided to do a taiva and they took heres from his and fixed the gemara already which causes a problem because not necessarily maybe you're gonna find a manuscript not like the martial maybe there's a reason that the martial didn't see and all these changes can play it doesn't happen once not twice many times anyway the point is that um if one wants to read the the work of this run a lot of it has recently been published in value in in this recent volume that I'm quoting from Heaven called Messiah he publishes with the permission of Iran part of his Doctorate on the subject where he discusses a lot about what the martial is doing so basically it's like this the Marshall is reading the gemara Beyond carefully he's making changes some of those changes are from manuscript but not all of them are and that this is the conclusion of Ron and this is the conclusion of Spiegel by intensely learning and comparing the different things now he does seem to have manuscripts he had manuscripts of summary China but mostly it was not done with the usage of manuscripts now and this is obviously the martial one of the dialing of the probably from the greatest of the Quran that we have he was able to do it it does not necessarily mean just because the martial is doing that anyone could do it that's obvious point to me now if we go drop forward in the generations I just mentioned the shops he say for sither so the martial and the bach who gave us Commerce so everyone knows anyone who learns Marsha and Bach everyone's always wondering I mean ask this question all the time what are those areas on the side of the back are they based on manuscripts the martial when he makes changes are they based on manuscripts the conclusion of Spiegel yako Spiegel in this book based on intense um looking into this and some other people that have also looked into this for the most part or maybe almost always are not based on manuscripts these are based on suvaro Now does not necessarily mean and I don't think you really will find such a thing that the gemara is going to say usher and they say it must mean it's mutter those are usually not the changes that you're going to find them but it a lot of times you'll see today when we do have manuscripts at the back of our child didn't have many times we'll see that they will they were spot on they knew they were sensitive to the words of everything in the gemara and they picked up tons and tons of mistakes okay this is the the famous acronym that people know about we have is the martial okay now let's just mention one other one other person that's important for our story just Everyone likes to talk about it is the film we're going one of the most famous things about going is that he's mashana gear size you learn badly you see these Horus in his you xiaomi it's his own conversation and Legend has it that the Vilma going swore manuscripts one of the things when he traveled whether it was nagalo sagra when he won his famous Galos he saw manuscripts and that's what it's changing about intense looking into this seems that this is not the case it's not based on manuscripts now I would like to say that it's push it that it's not based on manuscripts and the reason is because Ben Agro and re and the passage all talk about barriers in numerous numerous places about how the growth change made shinuyan never they could have just said obvious thing he had manuscripts the girl had manuscripts but not not necessarily A gamara yeah manuscripts of somebody showing me I mean remember I'm gonna go I had a crazy amount of swarm that he saw they don't talk about using manuscripts all the time you'll see and it's not words not twice it's five six times passes on the votes put a few pages to this topic remember God talks about it they say it's based on his yada and the cult and how he was able to do what he was able to do with his knowledge of everything that's how he did it he had the knowledge as we now know of Co literally called her sugar you name it everything this man knew that's one of the things that made him so unique and that's how he made those she knew him and they and it's clear I don't even know um why it's it seems that the story I guess it's a good story that he went around and this is one of the things he was doing it seems to be from I'm saying that these three people they talk about it they should they would say by the way he saw manuscripts because they they talk about the Galas um talks about the goddess a few times you should say by the way more than the things my father did once he was around he traveled all over Europe we now know and he doesn't mention it okay anyway this is adkan the the introduction to the next part of the episode okay so now the question is if I'm telling you the conclusion is there's not really being done up in manuscripts when does this change so interestingly enough in 1755 the great carbon asano who published who dies in 1769 publishes a work on the rush very well known eventually it's published in the standard rush and it's now found in the back of his villain okay so so again just to throw out there interesting um history of the carbon Asylum from the Sun Ruby did you vile can be found in the earlier mentioned schneiz darvador from the destler volume 6 or just published in recent years fascinating to see the greatness of this guy in the carbon Asylum anyway a lot of times one will see in the back of a safer especially older swarm that will see so not to waste there's a little space over here let me write a horror a lot of times these Horrors are lost here I would say this horror caused a storm the kitsar the carbon sound says I have space so he's gonna write two hearts ones four long each R is four lines one is he has a question about a gamara in broadcast and he says like this to answer it up is a problem he says the people don't know it says and then he says the collect correction and um this is the gear so this the he says this is the gear so that Rashi had and that will explain Rashi which just goes very good with what we said earlier if you go further the next piece he says he had there's a problem with a specific piece in Target monkeys and he says I found a targum claf Shana and there and it didn't have like that so we see there's a pack of printing mistake in this target this is what the Carmen sandal publishes in the back of a safer in 1755. okay not so good a few years later in 1763 is safe for HC Asif comes out and he mamas goes crazy about this piece how could he do this how can you change your thing you found that this one manuscript where you're gonna go nuts about it interestingly enough this safer had a scammer from the carbonosano anyway this is a fascinating story there's a lot where this goes we're not going to go down that path but the point is here we see the carbon Asylum saw a manuscript and he's willing to change it okay obviously it's not um we have to stress there's nothing being changed here and I said just to explain a Rashi okay fine fast forward a year actually if we go back in time a year earlier we've already spoken about so much that travels all over and he sees manuscripts you know what sees he sees this it turns out he sees this gemara this manuscript of shasks that the Covenant sound is referring to just we don't know about this until many years later because the magleton as we mentioned is only published in more recent Years anyway he talks about he was by this clear and he sees the whole shafts and saviad and it has other things and right away the with his greatness is able to pick up that there's amazing stuff going on in this manuscript but the conveyor doesn't seem to let him look at it too carefully I don't know why but it seems he did let him look at it because the next sentence it says he saw in this manuscripts and other things and then says that Harvey is I did take down a few her arrests and he puts it in his work which we have Sharia is if his massive work on Harris okay this is what he does says turns out in 1782 so even though he might not have been able to sit as long as he wanted maybe the spirit didn't want him to sit he sees the he's going to park himself there for a few months take notes on the whole shots so he said no not really don't do that I don't I'm not interested in you staying here that long but he let him he copies messiah's gear one of the seven is the first time it's Publishers in 1782 from this manuscript by immediately after the receiver but Ramen Agra is quoting masakta's game based on this manuscript there's no earlier um at this point in time there was Shadow masaktus which we spoke a little bit about in the episode of Hanukkah did when's it gone published 1782 for the first time okay anyway who writes a parish fast forward from this manuscript on intense Parish I'm gonna suck this game which we will discuss more about America as he wrote about all the musakas anyway okay now let's backtrack in our story we have a Hebrew it's called the base nasan base nasan is a it's published in 1854 because what I'm trying to locate is when does someone come along okay so we have the he publishes harus on Harrys and then this has a few haras based on your size but does anyone else do this really because I said the gra which is in that period of time I'm claiming based on their research is not really based on manuscripts so when does this happen so something happens interestingly enough in 1854 an interesting yid his name is Reb Nason in the um 1830s I believe it is and in yushalayimi discovers that just like everywhere else in Europe that there's manuscripts there's plenty of manuscripts and you shall I am he discovers over there amongst things of ancient Kamara he's in the he's convinced as he writes inside this is the gemara that the rambam refers to that the Rama must have seen this because the ramam in one place said he saw ancient gemara and he brings down a manuscript from it and maybe the Rama had it for other things but anyway and he and he wants to publish it eventually to publish it in 1854 comes out based in our son okay he travels he gets very cautious about scammers from people he puts out these Horus based on these on this manuscript at a certain point he even discover somebody showing him and he publishes it in this in this keyboard um it seems that saw this manuscript also he publishes the the read for the first time in this volume and these are some but it's only on the sectors he says comments are from um it has a from even from a very interesting as comma and one has come spells out something which I just want to emphasize this is from a fascinating this is a person very important in the matita controversy but anyway he says even though there's very important things in this manuscript and we should use it but we have to be careful and you cannot necessarily use it for myself this yid um just to mention there's a there's a beautiful write-up about him in a book that came out a few years ago called shapiri you shalim a whole chapter about this guy very interesting life he's a new shalayim um what happens to Mutual line he travels in Europe and he's involved with publishing others anyway fast forward so here is in 1854 comes to light mastectus brachas based on a manuscript but this is not the same manuscript that the hid on the cabinet so it's a different manuscript okay this year we we've quoted this more than once in the past Troy mercy and her name on from the uh has many manuscripts the base nasan this this um this from Nelson fellow ships sends off pieces and they're very excited about it and they're and they publish it there okay adcan this is the first um the Kuda of um with the usage of manuscripts now we go to the hero of of the of the the this episode and this is what we will conclude with and that's the story of where Rafal NASA notta rabinovich the author of the digital a few years ago approximately in 2011 I was once on I was going on a bus at that time I was living in Batar and I traveled from Batar I was going to ushalaya and I meant at the time someone I knew a while back he was any this person at that time was already a Russian Yeshiva somewhere in America yes what am I working on so I said oh I'm working about the 2K so iframe has different which we'll discuss more about what the work does but it's a work deals with my excuse he didn't even know what it was on the other hand while I was a buffering liquid they had republished the victory aside from and they brought I would say a hundred sets or something to the storage of the Eco Plaza and as a Baja I used to drool over the mound when am I going to be able to buy a Ford it's 125 I'm not going to be able to get it luckily luckily as the pile went down my cavusa bought me a set as a gift um but um this was in the year 2002 it was published so my personal story with the degree escape room I had this to learn a few Summers by ramination Emmanuel gettinger for those who don't know who he is he was the rav in the occasion of the West Side he was the son-in-law of Rabbi Riv from Camden New Jersey I forgot exactly somehow it himself was a brother-in-law of of um and he had a very very unique way of learning he was a from the biggest time in the partner and he used to constantly quote the the aside from so that was my introduction when I was a kid I hear that's interesting that's interesting uh that's interesting way of getting introduced to the safer because it's that because as the main point is in Yeshiva you will not really see it you might not even see on the shelves if even if he Shiva does have it usually gathers dust it's buried somewhere anyway so what the rest episode is to discuss this and as it helps us understand obviously we could speak about just many episodes devoted to the Duke safer man I wish one day maybe to to bizarre to speak about him for many episodes incredibly interesting person What's significant for us is he was born in 1835 he dies tragically suddenly in 1888. in his early years he has a story The Story Goes is a typical genius he learns by different people eventually at a young age he puts out to say for going yankov which is from the one of the only talmudim of the vulnuga in Rebecca of Landau who married the grass niece son the daughter of his son rabbis this Yak of land from Rochelle Amsterdam of the one of the daily hador of the time of the group anyway this is Landa was a guy in Islam as is evident from a safer and Irvin one could see from this safer and Irvin the the Mahalo Halima the growth throughout even though he doesn't call to go out too often in the safer anyway who publishes it it was a mess that Xavier ends up by the Duke so iframe he publishes it he works on it it was a tremendous he was able to figure out from all the pieces of paper that was it puts it out okay he puts out some other works eventually eventually he finds out somehow without getting into details about it there's a manuscript sitting in Minchin in somewhere um that the and that of the whole town would he gets Sparks his curiosity he goes down there basically make a long story short we're not going to go into all the prophet pratham of all this aspect because we hope that maybe we will one day be able to talk about all the practice just trying to be very brief over here and he sees that this is mind-bang a manuscript of the whole shast and he sees right away we're talking about Aid who's a tremendous which I'll talk about in one second and he sees the the amount of things that he's being able to answer from this manuscript is incredible anyway make a long story short he starts capping certain stuff and he wants to know should he go ahead and public or collect this transcribe this whole manuscript and publish it he sends out samples to different condylum and he ends up um meeting and discussing it and writing about it many times with the great cellulation of the time shall make sure for gives him his full blessing we'll discuss a drop about that more says yes you should and the conclusion is that he what he what he does is he's not going to just put out the manuscript because just because there's a manuscript who said he shows what the significance of the manuscript is based on the reciting that we have and many returned him that he had a manuscript now let me explain a drop more about this he ends up having to live there he spends years there and transcribing it and as you start working on it the project gets bigger and bigger okay now how does he support himself and how does he do this very simple not that simple but he was a major swarm he was an expert of rare's farm and he was building up a massive collection to do this originally he started the project he just had the manuscript of the gamara but then he started to broaden the project tracking down of his other manuscripts of gumara he located through contacts and people and the the different people he became close with gadylum that had Collections and other types of people that had interesting collections he also used to sell them books and they used to all help each other he's to help them he's to tell them the manuscripts that are that should be printed um he would sell the manuscripts and he developed a tremendous knowledge not only in the gemara and tracking down as many I Believe by the time he finished his um before he dies where he publishes most of um he publishes on mayod the zikan parts of kutchem um he does not to nushem um that he sadly but Israel I'm also a little bit he had seen over 40 different manuscripts of shafts from different places but interestingly enough jakov is also already points us out today that there's no whole existing manuscript of shafts other than this manuscript which was the manuscript that the carbon asano which we began earlier our story that this is the manuscript that they saw tremendous things over here and this is what he went ahead to map out and show by going carefully through this Xavier now the show mashiv just understand his eyewitness account it says that on the show when he came to the room the show lamesha would stand up for this young person malikai Masai he was a year that knew colored Tire cool on his fingertips badly you xiaomi reshine him everything he seemed to have had some type of photographic memory today just understand this the 2K say from anashim wasn't published he published on everything else but nasham he published in a record amount of time compared to places with computers and McCombs and staffs of people where they still didn't finish just now Nazir came out with Marshall they're still not even finished okay now to be fear they have more manuscripts than him they have more data than him but there's a bunch of people working on it this man was he would go through gamara he would automatically remember there's a gears over here in this region that could be Mio shift is this year so and Allah that he was working with was from his collection that only he had the manuscripts that he had that he was using eventually he adds to this to his collection tracking down other manuscripts other editions of print of gamara the early Prince to see what's going on to see Rashi different manuscripts of Rashi he expands his project as he's going on and on it's amazing what someone did he was funded by a rich Banker of ramarzbacher who helped him build a massive collection he put out a book of the collection and you could see that he was working with Incredible mantis Farms so much so that he was proud of himself that one of the greatest Farm collections at that time was from romacio's and he says basically my collection is almost as good as his and rare books I have even better he writes this in a letter to a different collector anyway you could see how this man was unbelievable what he knew from mind-boggling in the world of Academia today that's still alive issue is a professor named Yakov zusman I once asked him when I was by him about to do okay sorry from what do you say about to do yourself he can't talk much because he has a stroke but he kept on saying going going he was an unbelievable guy when you see if you go through a suggest you see his artist you see the information that he has there and what he's doing and we'll discuss that in a moment now he also tracks down because of all this all the various he attempts to and this is basically one of the only people that have done this is to map out the publication of the shafts of the talmud and eventually it's it's introductions to his works and it gets published called my morale it's called font anyway so the um so now the question is so he's publishing this and he has that scam of the show lamashiv and he what he did was be while he's working on this he said people you need help on a gamara send it in and then so now last episode we discussed one of the ways of communication the internet of those days so to speak was the from newspapers so people write it I'm learning is everyone right oh based on the manuscript or based on a reason it could be miyoshive and a lot of times Horus of his that were were already being tested the waters were being tested in different manuscripts newspapers of the time he would send a lot of times Horus pieces to the shalomashiv in the case so even there's a bunch of beautiful Horus of the shalomashiv based on the manuscripts that he discovers now does anyone endorse him is anyone Pro this volume of the duplication so the answer is yes the good island of the time and just to list them because it's always important to know the names of the xylem at the time because it sounds like sounds like oh he's Isaac and manuscripts he's Isaac in the gear size the gamaraphas who cares anyway he sends it off and gets us comments from Ripley McClure inspector and excavator's brother of that means the two big everyone knows these are giants the shoulder nature of we mentioned the Arkham there are the people that endorse this these are from The Who's Who these are the people on The Miser fund as they would say in the years in the 1860s to the 1880s in Europe This is representation of Galicia this is a representation of lutfish that are looking and endorsing the work and in that Scholars you see it's nifla when you learn when you look at the Khalifa gear size it's amazing what you do and the Macabre he's able to be Isaac what's the gear sativa and you could see this in the various um the various has come interestingly enough one always has to self-promote themselves in today's day and age so um they bring down that there was other haskamas that he got and in recent years one person who I have to give a lot of credit who did a ton of work on the Duke so iframe and the acceptance of the week aside from which we'll discuss in a moment was my friend Professor yakush Spiegel in the same mentioned book I wouldn't tell us so he also couldn't locate certain mascamas that people bring down that he got now in in um we meant in the outset her Maisha mentioned that I was um I wrote an article about this in 2011. what happened is that we have to give a lot of credit over here is the assurance wanted felt that the Shiva world does not properly give recognition to the duties to decide he's gonna he wants to put out an issue devoted to him so he puts out issue number 23 he got some manuscripts of the the sorry for him and two people started writing up to history based on Spiegel and adding new stuff about the history of the about this rubinovich I don't know what the reason was they weren't able to finish it it was too much they couldn't meet the deadline anyway he he asked me if I want to um um through the re I was recruited through his good friend and my good friend Dr schleming to write an article about the acceptance and how they looked at this work and who uses the work as the case sorry from and that's what could be found over here so I want to look is there any way to find these missing huskamas the answer was I couldn't find it either and Spiegel who's an expert on the Jewish book as well known he spent time looking checking everything okay towards the end right a little literally right before the article is about to be published one late night I'm by um I've mentioned in the past I've written about him the and I see in his Library the 2K site from so I set them maybe you know whatever happened with these missing as gamas see so he didn't remember he was ready almost 100 years old at the time so he said but bring me down my copy let me see what you're talking about we take it down and lo and behold the missing has come is found addition of his in his in his house so late one Thursday night Discover right before it's about to go to print the missing us Commerce who are these people reps V Hirsch ernstein rev shmuel salant REM Mayer Orbach and virus Israel so we found another seven one and almost eight more haskamas to this work of gudalum at the time now just to understand um and they also endorse it now I just want to mention we're throwing out their shmu salant this is a fascinating its own story not gonna go into barichosalant in the 1880s there was a schmerged social and said maybe it's a tiger someone went and said no it's not a toaster hack you just change it and for the next who knows how many years there was a write-up just there was a you just use this person his name was Aaron Blumenthal a safer Shari simcha from alafresh Malachi one of the great Experts of svarum published this um blumenthal's material so this Blumenthal right then wrote a horror but how can change the gear so what he thinks he could just change the gear so which plays out and obviously in this whole conversation which we're having it was not based on the dookie Center was one of the people that gave us gamma okay that's a that's a side point I'm not going to go into that anyway bottom line is that this is something that um that we discovered these um these missing us comments now just to wrap up a few points to with this episode which is as follows this is another few minutes we hold hold on just a few more minutes and we'll put your music we'll put you put you out of your misery and The Story Goes Like This up till now we said okay we're talking a little bit about the degree cipherim and all these things fine who cares about this and what does he even doing so first of all a book that I've quoted already a few times and this is an Incredible Book the way I was introduced to this was my Russia Shiva absele Epstein was a fond of ever since I was in 10th Grade I heard him quoting from it when I read the book I read it numerous times each time I cannot get over how amazing this book is this book was written by Romeo Halpern about the minsker goggle he was the malamud of he was the tutor of the kids of the minskado and there's so much Insight so many things in here about the great minsker godo rev Perlman now amongst the things was was coming out in that period of time so why do you think Dargo was going to say about it so one quote he says and then he says was so important for him and he says that we weren't able to be a military item another place he says um when he found the gear so that he was able to be miyasha if he his eyes used to light up he said it was also already establishes variant to manuscripts with their work on their own band says if he would have the kayak he would continue to finish up the project of the dictukechem and the parts that wasn't he says it was very too weak this is and it's killed was weak and he was a bracha that he lived as long as he did that's his own story anyway he brings that dik2k sorry from in his sleeper Evan Ozil so much so it's interesting to note that um that when he he this is our Meltzer on the work Evan Ozil won the roof cook prize which is his own story and ribs Evan wrote about it he says one of the things that you will not find the yeshivasha people using is the Duke siphon and he points this out and it could be even was involved with him getting the award um why he took the award is his own story but anyway in later Edition I don't know why in the Eastern Michigan that's where he talks about Mrs Al melter it's not there that he emphasized in this point anyway Spiegel goes ahead and collects a huge collection of people from that period of time onwards that are using this work session I went based on Spiegel um I went and checked and added many more names through different collections that I collected over the years of godila mamish Who's Who of the dialum that were using it one could find it in the in in his work and in my work on this and today with it these were done without searches so I I mind-boggling how many times one could find that it's used okay so now it's used and um very good what's the point of this so just and this is um to to just to touch up to conclude with this is one of the things what you find emphasis ready in the various eskamuses and when you learn the gemara the shalomashiv emphasizes this and we find that the Duke safer mentions this is that the state a lot of times in the gemara they say the hadoirs of the the the names of who says the Messiah is messed up and you'll see ready Rashi will say something will say something we've shown him and a lot of times that plays out in the whole story and understand the story and sometimes oh two three words can be missing it throws off so so when the in these in these manuscripts that what one sees unbelievable amounts of times that this is solved problems that dailymary long arihos about the hashivas of knowing the yada of the said how plays that understanding so many different things you know 15 20 pages so and the doctor can say from says how much he loved to say um says unbelievable how many suggests with this and a lot of times you'll find this is this Kasha could be meosh if but a lot of times it's it's it's a wealth of untapped information even though taka I collected and Spiegel collected people that used it they're still unbelievable what's going on there of course today the whole story continues of of different manuscripts this has been macked out but this one having more manuscripts of the kayakingis and everything We're not gonna we're not going down that path but the point is that there's this there was this thing that there was a shift over to that the the two kids everyone ahead and he didn't just print the gemara this is a significant point in the whole story is that he didn't just print the manuscripts and say okay so who said the manuscript is even good or who said it's worthwhile he shows that this manuscript could be miyash of this region this region this region that mean to say that they had these manuscripts like we started in the beginning rash she Rashi didn't just make up manuscripts he had changes they were based on other manuscripts obviously there's much more to say we're not going to say it now there's a hamster to this there's a significance to this um um just to say in playback not anything not nothing less than the city of benebra Franco rambam which we know has been using manuscripts in a safer on the rambam uses these manuscripts what about the gamara so they start a project what they did about bakama they did a few more they're supposed to do more one of the sections in the back is based on the the Hampshire uh more they've got more manuscripts than they do because they write all about this they have asked of all the good Island so they already were realizing that there's a lot happening in the gamara that needs to be fixed up you want to know about Allah So that's its own conversation but the the concept to use it even in benebra I would say the most canoeia Sticker City from this and then this which is the conclusion this is everyone more and more people using guys they are using these manuscripts especially the degree sorry from and more and a lot of times people are learning gemara and they're like all of a sudden you're learning and you're learning with something else what's going on here and this um had some email about it that there's a whole write-up about it which you could send you the article about it discussing what's there how they work what's their um how they do this but you see basically at a certain one time it's snuck in through the back door to do this um to do this to be um of the gemara um and what is the proper gear so anyway um obviously um I have rahmanas on myself no but I have Rahman Assam listeners and we're trying to keep it less than an hour um so that is all we'll say about this topic we are not going to do another episode on the 2K sorry frame it could be in the next episode which we will now with all this hakadama will be able to try to attempt to understand the famous cheetah of the khazanesh which is anti-manuscripts with all this information we'll be able to hopefully try to come to some understanding of his and maybe tweak some of the things while we discuss it with the kazanesh excellent thank you very very much you kept me quiet for most of the time Spellbound you'll give me the flow looking forward yeah we're looking forward uh finally getting to the khazana's opinion on all this and if anybody wants the material that Rabbi brought mentioned that he published new shuron you could email him as well eliasabroad gmail.com and as usual haris are gladly accepted and once again we're looking forward to doing other episodes if anybody would like to dedicate a sheer please reach out to myself or to Rabbi Dr brat and we will see you soon thank you