The Halachos of Shavuos with Harav Yosef Yeshaya Braun, 5785

become Shabas and they certainly can't take on Shabas because you're not want to take haircuts on Shabas. They're allowed to take haircuts already on Friday. It's important to point out the most important part is taking the haircut for that's ofteny and it's an important stringency and it's based on etc. But we don't let that get in the way of the mitzvah of honoring the and in this case if a person is going to take on a Friday he'll also be adding honor to Shabas as well. So we find that the um it is written about him the student of that it was a year when the day before was on a shabas was on a Sunday and according to cababal it's important to wait until the 49th day until so he went and he took a haircut on Friday he did it on the 48th day not on the 49th day because the idea of taking a haircut for y not to come into manuval looking ugly disgusting not an appropriate man for that trumps any other consideration It's important to understand this point every it's important to go and take a haircut generally it's important to have a proper haircut and if a person doesn't take is considered that he came into manu not not in a proper way this is even stronger because people didn't take haircuts throughout the entire so therefore that's that's an extremely important idea one of the this is actually part of our commemoration of waiting for mashia at all times because the real reason we should take because when we come to the bish come to the bish a person's has a lot of here and since we know mashia is going to come at any given moment so we can't wait yam we have a mitzah to go every has to go to the b mig to bring their kanas under ordinary circumstances not everybody has to go to the b mikdash but it comes to y you have your your sacrifice that you have to bring and there's a mitzvah of mikdash of fearing the ba mdash showing awe demonstrating awe of the ba mdash coming with long hair is not appropriate. So since we know will be built any moment I'm going to have to come in and we can't take haircuts in Yam. So if we have to take it before y just explaining the significance of the haircut but really it shouldn't be done until Sunday this year you're allowed to take haircut all day long even after midday not a good idea to wait right until before yamv some people in particular to take before mid midday instead of waiting until after midday but you strictly speaking you're allowed to take after midday as well and you're allowed to even take the night before you don't have to wait until in the morning you could do the night of mabas Normally m Shabas Saturday night is not a good time to take haircuts. It's actually indicates a lack of respect for Shabas. Shabas is over. Oh all of a sudden you're taking a haircut. But over here there's a reason you didn't take before Shabas. You didn't take before Shabas because was it during the days of so you allowed to take on Shabas as well. One of the mitzvah of Y is the being happy and rejoicing on Yv. The mitz you have to be happy. Your children have to be happy. Wife have to be happy. The whole entire family has to be happy. And how do we bring about this in the family? So men, their comes through a cup of wine. We'll talk about that when we get to Yam. For children, we we give them roasted wheat and nuts. I'm assuming in today's day and age, if you give roasted wheat and nuts, that might not work. But there is the equivalent of roasted wheat and nuts, which is some type of sweets and delicacies and toys and presents and all kind of beautiful things. And of course, if we're and we try to do things in in a spiritual way, we'll give them a a a holy roasted weed and nuts, a special new or or a a Judea book, etc. And for women, we're supposed to buy them clothing and titan jewelry. And that is a mitzvah like any other mitzvah. And it's a mitzvah which gives you an opportunity to do something for someone else, especially for a spouse. So, it's a great mitzvah. It's a great mitzvah to to to focus on. When we think about ourselves, we're supposed to think about other people too. When it comes to when we giving ourselves to Eid, the says you should think about the orphan, the widow, all the poor people. People that close up their doors of their house and only themselves, them and their wife and their children eat, they don't feed the poor. That's not of their stomach. Such a writing. It's an embarrassment. So if we're thinking about Y making sure we all have um properly outfitted for Yam and we have cheesecake and chocolate pudding and who knows what we should think about many other people that don't have and before Yam already make sure they have enough money they can buy food clothing for their children for their wives they should have a proper true sim especially that we need to have more simka than any other y more happiness because it's the y that the was given and even those opinions that say that technically in theory a person could fast on y which isn't Nobody holds that has to be we have to take benefit because the day that we receive we have to eat and drink and rejoice and if we want to rejoice properly we have to make sure that other people rejoice with us as well. That's all in terms of preparation for sh. Moving on in the preparation list, we spoke about Friday starting the three days of preparation and then comes Shabas before. On this Shabas, we're going to be saying the last chapter of pravis of the ethics of our fathers as a preparation for shapter number six. The original custom was to say pras six weeks between pes and then that custom extended to say it also throughout the summer. of the primary times to say right now in the actual last chapter which is the c the conclusion of is the p called tora which is all about acquire how to acquire the most suitable appropriate preparation for and on shabas is a very good time to think again about the the unity that we're supposed to accomplish between us and other people shabas is in general a time of unity theb asked many years ago that on shabas before shabas that that year shabas was that people should get together and have a Shabas dedicated for the theme of Akas of unity especially Shabas afternoon getting together for bringing men separately women separately and talk tora obviously etc. So it's a good idea to dedicate and designate this shabas for that idea. On the last day on the 49th day, last day of counting is also a time for those who have studied one page a day, one folio a day which is the custom inabad they will have their opportunity to finish and those who didn't start the Reb spoke a number of times that they can start now. It's never too late. It's always a good idea to to be to join this and be part of it as the lesson of P. You're never too late. There's always a second chance. The very last preparation for is and that happened when we when we received the Torah was the Jewish people on the 5th of said nasa before nishma. They said we will do before they even heard what the Torah what what they're receiving in the Torah. And on this day on is the day before is a good time to think about the idea of to think about that every single thing that comes to us we're supposed to first do and then we'll try to understand. It's a day it's a busy day of we have a lot of things to prepare for. We have a lot we have all the a lot of cooking and baking and and shopping and cleaning and all of that but it's a appropriate time to do whatever we can to make the proper preparations for sure. We mentioned earlier that the sata kanega the opposing factors clippa the evil forces the prosecutors don't really have much control when it comes shu time. It's a good time to think about and spend time and prepare properly for sh and as mentioned that includes also the technical preparations cutting um haircuts cutting nails those who have long nails well they should really make sure to cut them in yv ideally we don't cut toenails and hand nails on the same day but if a person didn't cut them the day before being ready and properly dressed and appropriately looking properly for yont is of importance and if if a person didn't cut their toenails they should cut them on their y even though they have to also cut their hands nails that day says that in general specifically we shouldn't do any blood check any blood checkups talks about blood letting which is not exactly blood testing but since it's a question of a of danger and is a form of danger particularly um with taking blood so unless it's absolutely necessary one shouldn't be taking blood on at a medical exam on when we make our preparations for sh we spend a lot of time on having dy food. So I want to speak a few minutes about the idea of dairy food. There is a that you're not allowed to have dairy bread or meat bread. I just got the other day from our cautious department a question about a particular type of bread that one of our establishments make which is dairy and how to make sure that is done in an appropriate way. One of the probable ways is if the form of the bread looks totally different before you finish baking it, you change the form. So you could tell that this is daily or meat or if you're making a very very small amount. The reason why Shabas many people their bread was fleshy because it was made in a in a meat oven because they're making it only for Shabas. The reason why for it's okay to make dairy bread because it was either made differently or it's eaten only for one day just for the sh day. If a person indeed will be baking bread, dy bread many days before shu then not on that would be a problem because it's only if it's made for the very very if you eaten the next day. If you're going to be eating dy on the secondh the bread you can't go on and prepare dy bread for the second unless it's very obvious that it's dairy or you change the form of the bread. It's not a regular type of bread. sweets, cakes, cookies, those kind of things which people don't usually eat them in a meal. They're eaten separately. You don't eat them with your with your meat. You're allowed to make them dairy. So that's why people have cheesecakes. Not only because cheesecakes, you could tell they're dairy, but also because cakes and cookies and confectionary those kind of things is about bread, things that people eat with their meat and eat with their milk. Think the reason why now I make daily bread is because there's a concern someone might eat the bread with meat. But if it's cakes, that concern doesn't apply. It's still a good idea. It's smart to write on the package or whatever it is some type of indication that people should know that this pastry they're eating is really dairy cuz some people just might not know. So some of us have are lucky and we have two ovens and two stoves and some people have three. We have dairy and we have meat and we have parab. But not everybody is that lucky and they want to use their meat oven and casher it. Now we normally don't casher from meat to milk or milk to meat. But there's in this case there's room for leniency. They want to kosher it and make their dairy stuff in their meat oven. So the simple solution is I'm not going to go into the details why this is the case. You could just turn on the oven on the highest setting, leave it lit for an hour for some amount of time and for cashing from me to dairy that should really work. Somebody wants to be more stringent and there's reasons for stringency and he wants to run a whole self-clean cycle that certainly is fine. Hopefully they won't break their oven. On yam itself you can't caser. It's a bit too late to wake up on yamu and try to kasher the oven. There's certain forms of kasering which are permissible in yam but generally the way we do it in our ovens it's problematic. You could still use your meat oven and have everything wrapped double wrapped properly. Make sure the rack is totally clean. Make sure everything is wrapped. Cover ideally the rack with silver foil. You're not allowed to cut silver foil for this purpose, but you could have pre-cut silver foil. So if everything is sealed, it's it's not a good idea to rely on this unless it's double wrapped. And even double wrapped is not a good idea to rely on it. So there is a form of kash that's permissible, which is I mean the oven assuming the fire is ready from before because you can't turn on the fire. But people will take a a kettle of pre-boiled water. You're not allowed to boil water for the purpose of casing, but it's already been boiled. It's in the urn. Or you heat up the water for another purpose and using the leftover water and you put the the water into the oven and that creates a lot of steam into the oven. That's again that's that's another form of caching that could be done. A lot of people don't have this whole don't want to do this. They're not interested in putting dairy stuff into the meat oven for very good reasons and they also don't want to do all this cashing stuff. But what they do want to do is they have their hot plate and their hot plate is usually used for their chalant for every single shabas. But they now having a dairy meal and they want to heat up dairy food on their meat hot plate. So if the hot plate is clean, it doesn't have any meat remnants and residue on it. And if you're taking the dairy food and you're putting in a piece of silver, again, you can't cut on shabas of a a piece of silver. You could have pre-cut. So it that really should be perfectly fine. That's not a problem. You could put it directly on the hot plate with that piece of silver foil in between. Again, provided the hot plate is clean. Some people want to heat up food. There's certain cakes that are better hot. Um I mean probably a lot of people in the in the in from the listeners from the ladies gallery would be able to tell me which kind of food is better if it's hot which kind of cakes and cookies are better hot. One thing comes to mind right now I think apple strudel some people like hot. So it's pariff it's not dairy and you want to heat it up and you put it on top of your meat pot on top of the covering of the meat pot. That's fine. But you can't eat it afterwards with dairy. Even though it is par, but once you put it on top of that meat pot, you can't eat it directly with dairy itself. You want to eat it. If you want to eat dairy afterwards, that depends. If the pot was open, the pot was closed. But with dairy, that's for sure a problem. You can't eat it because it's actually being heated directly on that on that meat pot. In a lot of communities have the custom of setting up branches of trees and flowers and grass in the shuls. And this is for a number of reasons. A because we're being judged on the fruits of the tree on sh B because of the joy of mount to it resembles mount hari mount s etc. But the kabat custom is not to do so. Although the rebba said that I believe that in nikolai where he lived they did so. But that's not the kamakabat custom. It's not practiced in kabats today. And there's reasons for that. Some one of the reasons is because in temples and churches they do these kind of things and we we keep a distance from anything that they do. It might even be a question of hook is going following the ways of the non-Jews. So this is not done in in schuls but some people in their houses they would like to have flowers. It's quite a common custom people do that any shabas and any y certainly when it comes to sh. So setting up these flowers on y is not a problem. You let them move them on y. It's not mukah as long as you were thinking of before y already planning to set up these flowers. It's not muk. Any roses that have a smell are not muk anyhow. But the leaves and petals and all those things that fall out are muka. You can't move it off the table with your hand. You can't even take a knife or something else and move it off the table because you're not going to move mukah with your hand or you're not let to move mukah even through another item which is an extension of your hand. So you can't take a spoon or fork or knife and move it with it. More about that in the sheir and the laws of mukah. This is a plug for the power hour on Tuesday night where we're going through the laws of mukah. If you want to move it, you can move it with your body, not with your hand. So on the back of your hand, with your arm, you can go like this. That's fine. You move muk what we call tilta. You can't move it with your hand or even with a item that you're holding in your hand. Putting the flowers in water. So you allow to put the flowers in water on yum. But there's a number of conditions here. Number one, flowers, roses that still haven't opened up completely. They open up the roses when they're in water. If they haven't opened up, then you can't put them in water. So we'll talk about that. It was doesn't open up at all or was already fully open. Even so, you can't put water into the vase. If the vase has water, you can put the flowers in it. The water was there from before you. Now, you're adding the flowers into it. You took it out of the water, you got to put it back into the water, but you now let it change. This is a mistake that a lot of people make. You now let it change the water. You can't add you can't change the water and get rid of the old one and get new water. When it comes to adding water, adding water is a whole different story. So again, assuming that the flowers are do not open up or they're fully open, then on shabas, you're not allowed to add water on you, you're allowed to add up to half of what's there because if you're adding more than half, then it's not considered adding. It's like new water. You can't add new water. You can't put new water. Some people are very particular with flowers that open up, not even to move the vase, because every time they move it, they argue that the the roses and the flowers will open up more. I'm not sure if that's really true or not. It's debatable if that's a true fact, but some people are particular about that. You allow to smell the roses. There's no problem smelling roses on shabasive even if it's attached attached to the ground, attached to a stem to to to its roots. Anything edible, you not let a smell on shabas when it's attached because you might detach it. But roses which are not edible, you let a smell. And generally if I'm talking about smelling roses, you make a when you smell smell them. Anything which which grows on a stem, you make a like. Anything which is not a stem just a just a a blade, they make a preparation on shabas on for. So we went through the the menu. We went through the flowers. There's a there's going to the mikvah that of course in the time of the b mik was very important because people had to go for men that is people have to go to the b mikdash and everybody had to this the only time everybody had to make sure they're pure because they're going to be going into the bd going to be eating sacrificial meat. Every is a mitzvah to eat sacrificial meat. So it's important to purify oneself. In addition to that, the stuff that we got to do inviv, we're giving charity saddaka. We give sodaka every single day. Yam we won't be able to give sudaka. on we're going to be giving for the for the next two days this year Monday and Tuesday every specifically is asked to remind people that shab we should give to daka for the days of sh we and again as mentioned earlier we should start we should think about all other needy people that need to have to duck and we should there's a time when the time of m of the giving of the tora we should add extra now to duck and make our such a way as if if the brand new beginning If we never get to duck before, set up your Shabas clocks in a way that the time should match up. If you have um if if the lights or whatever it is is dependent on your Shabas clocks, make sure it's m it fits in for the two days of Yam on after the 10th hour in the day, which is about over here about 4:37. You're not supposed to sit down and have a a proper meal in because you're supposed to eat the meal on yum with proper appetite. though eating do that earlier. Get ready to bench your light candles. But you going to have to be lighting candles on the second day. You can't create a new flame. So set up something some system that you'll be able to have a new flame. You can leave your gas on. You can have a 24-hour candle, a 48 candle that's lit. Sometimes a 20 the ones that are written in the store for 24 hours are not really 24 hours or they go out earlier. So you might want to get a 48 hour candle. Important to mention preserving our safety and health. So people leave their ovens on, stoves on especially sh. So it's important to make sure there's proper cross ventilation. Leave a window open, leave a door open, make sure your smoke detector is working, make sure your carbon monoxide detectors are working. I don't have to explain how important and critical that is. When we light our candles before yam, some of those candles, especially the narrow nim style, they stick to the glass. So you could do it for shabas. When it comes to days yamtu, once it sticks to the glass, it's very hard the next day to put in a second candle in there. It would be a good idea to put a tiny bit of water or a tiny bit of oil before y a little amount so the bottom of the candle doesn't stick to the to the glass and then you'll be able to clean it easily on the second day. on the night of the second night of Yam and light candles. Then those who have a yard of over Yam, they want to light in a sham and a sha candle. Some people anyhow have this custom. It's not a custom, but a lot of people have this custom. They light a candle every time they say yiskar, which is a secondary yam. So you shouldn't be lighting it on yam. You really should light it before yam because this is not a candle that you need for the meal that you need for shul. It's a candle for cover honor of the person who has ya the person that is being set for. So unless it's being lit in shul by the place with the diamonds or it's lit by the table by the meal it's not should really be lit on we check our pockets on just like shabas shabas we check to make sure we're not carrying cuz you're not allowed to carry on shabas when there's no and y we check to make sure we don't have ms in our pockets and then we light our candles and our custom that we light candles before y the same way that we do before shabas even though technically a lot of light candles on y proper but it's appropriate to light in the same time early before yumptive comes in. The only difference is if you made a mistake and you and became late and became ready yumpt if you allow the light on yumpt you just have to have a a prepared fire. You have you can't create a new flame. You can only light from an existing a pre-existing flame. I will mention yam it's very common that people make a mistake and they forget to light candles and there's a number of reasons for that. A because you have time so you don't do it in in the regular time in Arab because I could do it by night. People go out more. They're eating out by other people and they totally forget about lighting lighting candles and a person forgets to light candles. It becomes an issue if they have to light c extra candle every single week. So it's good to make a special mental reminder somehow not to forget to light candles. And one of the ways is by lighting the same regular time as always on ed. The second night you have to wait until it's night time but at least on the right the the regular time. The y of candle should not be used for other purposes for cigarettes which anyhow you shouldn't be smoking to turn on the gas or anything else should be used only for religious holy stuff. And now Yamash has come in the holy day when the Torah was given also the art side of the bal a very very special day also the art of David the day that we receive the Torah. It's a time to think about accepting upon ourselves the yoke of Torah adding something that we're going to do something extra in Torah that we haven't done till now whether than learning to whether strengthening to whether supporting Torah and of course it's an appropriate time to dive in for Mashiach is a time of g of redemption. The Reb spoke a number of times that the words means it's for you is the which everybody agrees is for us. We're supposed to eat and drink and rejoice more than any other. Those two words is the numerical value of the word the end the end the end of gul the end of exile the time of redemption. It's a time to pray that we should have mashia. So that's all of that we should think about when the comes in when we're lighting our candles for and when the comes in and throughout the we start davening late. So expect woman expect your husbands are slightly later than any other shabas because we d late on the first night. We want to make sure that we have a full 49 days and seven weeks of they're supposed to be complete and we don't want to start mar the evening service earlier because then it's as if we're missed out. We didn't have a full 49 days and only when it's 100% nightfall. That's when we start ding prayers in in a and after we go home and we make kdesh a woman who lit candles and setu at candle lighting shouldn't say again. One of the big issues that come is carrying. Carrying is one of the things that are permissible are forbidden on chabas unless in a place which has an which is approved by the local rabbis. Of course, crown heights does not have that. So, Yam, however, you're allowed to carry. But even in Yam, you're only allowed to carry things that you need for Yumpt. And anything which you don't need on Yam or even if you need only for the next day, you can't carry from one day to the other. You're not even take back home something that you could keep in the place where it is. So, if you have something which is going to has a you took something to shul and you have a locker in, you're not allowed to take it home unless you actually need it at home. Some people are very particular about not taking their talis. The Rebab told of people about holding their talis in their hand. I'm assuming the reason is because you could wear your talis. So why should you hold your talis in your hand if you can actually wear it? It's unnecessary carrying. Carrying a a a pack of keys on a keychain and you only need one key. So the extra keys might be considered extra carrying. Furthermore, even taking out the garbage could be a questioning. Now the problem is the garbage let's leave the mukah issue but the problem is you don't really want to take out the garbage because you want the garbage to be there it's because you don't want the garbage to be here that creates a very serious issue are you allowed to take out garbage on so if the garbage has a horrible smell or you need the place where the garbage is cuz you need to put more garbage there then it's not a problem to take out the garbage but if it's in a if the garbage is not in your house it doesn't bother you it's outside in the yard you want to take it out to the street so they should collect the garbage that's certainly not permissible on. So that's in terms of of carrying the same by the way applies to the tick is people up throughout the entire night learning tick. They want to bring the tick home and they finish saying tick and there's no reason to bring it home. They have a place in they could keep it. It's protected. They they actually not want to take it home. Talking about is a beautiful custom. It brought in to be up the entire night and to learn to theb made some corrections to the standard version of it's important to note that those when you're saying the make sure you know those two corrections that the made some typos in the standard but the idea is to learn to wasting time and talking mundane matters. It's not what night is all about. The gain that you gain from being up at night and learning, you lose that by the loss of wasting time the night before and receiving the if a person is sitting idle. It's as if he's sleeping. So you haven't you're not consider you waste you pain yourself by staying up. It's considered if you slept and you spoke mundane matters can talk very strongly. One should not talk I don't talk throughout the night. Sometimes when it's a lot of people around it becomes it's harder for people. It's hard tries to get people to talk nonsense. As he should try until after kadusha of not to talk nonsense. This is gives us the special crown of Torah. If a person knows if they're going to be up all night, they won't they'll wake up late the next day. They won't be able to be up in time for Krishna. They won't be able to time on Davin, then it's is it's pointless for them to be up. So, whoever is being up should make sure that everything that matters, the bottom line is what matters. for the next day they make sure they wake up properly and say shama properly and d properly with proper kavana at the end of the night is accustomed to go to mikvah that's how we receive the special inspiration from the holy divine mikvah the keser elen the holy divine suppernal light of kesser and is accustomed from men to go to the mikvah at towards the end of the night right before it becomes night once it becomes day then then with all the of daytime before that I will just mention before I get to the of daytime that there's two general approaches. If a person's up a whole night, should they right in the morning go and davin or should they go to sleep first? And the preferred general depending on the person preferred general approach is to sleep a bit. So the davin should be with a clear head. So if a person didn't sleep at all, they just try to rush to davic go to sleep as soon as possible. Better to go to sleep for a few hours but only for a few hours. In fact, if a person knows they'll go to sleep and no one's going to wake them up for daving and they might not be allowed to go to sleep to begin with. So they have to set up a system that you know they wake up properly say amount of time but just sleep for bit of hours and in the morning we say the our customers we say the regular brahas as normal you're not allowed to learn to from when it becomes a break of dawn until you say so make sure in the morning you say the is a very special for men for women and that it says it's supposed to make with more happiness than any pleasure in the world. So you making you're jumping out of joy. You're lucky that you're sitting and learning Torah. Now we just we supposed to be doing this every day. Certainly the day that we're receiving the Tyra. And when we say the we should think about the holiness of Torah, not just the Tyra itself. That we're connected with Hashem via the Tyra. And if we think about the spirituality of Torah, the holiness of Torah, which is what Hashem gave us, the Torah, we become one with Hashem. And that's something to think about in general, especially on the day of Mount Tory. talking about something that we're supposed to be thinking in general and especially on this day is six um remembrances that we say every day in our davin at the end of the prayers. One of them is to remember the fact that we stood at Mount Si. It's a mitzvah to remember that. So it's a general mitzvah on a daily basis. Every day when we say the shah before we say the shah we say the words chose us you brought us close that means that hashem gave us the he brought us close to mount s. Every day we're supposed to be thinking that. But especially talking about sh is a good time to be even more focused on those words on the fact of fulfilling this mitzvah of remembering of saying the Torah. Uh remembering of receiving the Torah, excuse me. And then we have the daving after we slept for a few hours. We have the dinging of the first day of which is a full-fledged regular ding which includes also howled the mitzvah to say how. If you didn't say hal, you could say throughout the day until night, but you really should be saying it early with a proper proper to say hal with a minions. The proper way of saying hal is bit. Some communities have a custom before they start reading the recitedus. It's not our custom printer. Now our sid once explained that we don't like getting caught up with all the beautiful glory of hashem and the p the the the beauty of the palace. You want to go straight into the without any preparations. They were afraid if people are going to recite, they might get caught up with and forget about the significance of the reading of the Torah. In this reading of the Torah, we have the reading of which is part it's part part of the general mitzvah of listening to the reading of the Torah. And particularly when we say the med says every time we read this section, it's as if we're standing by Hari and receiving the Torah and just like the very first time at Mount Si all men, women, children, including little kids were all there. In fact, the little kids were the guarantors. Hashem said he wants guarantors for receiving the they were the guarantors. So, we make sure that everybody is there including our little kids provided it's okay as far as health is concerned. The Reb asked if we could even get kids from a month and up if healthwise it's okay. And if somebody wants it could even be under a month that I've mentioned and we're going to be focused by the fact that we're standing right now by Mount Si here in the set of from Hashem himself. That was something that I've encouraged very strongly starting from the year tapshi 1980 they have made a campaign to get children to come to shul it's a good idea in general that we should always go to shul but particularly an especially the children in fact the previous already said when he was a little kid he was just under 5 years old he remembers his teacher told him about how important is of to be in the sh when we receive the tora and he said to wake up an hour earlier than normal come to shul and get ready for receiving the tora on on sh during davin we have the shakers ding and the musf ding in musf we go through all the sacrifice that are brought on sh and that's not the private sacrifice that's the communal sacrifices and sometimes people can make a mistake and say the wrong things it's important to get a proper sitter know make sure know in advance what you're saying there's actually a total of 24 animals that are being brought as a carbon as a sacrifice which correspond to the 24 books of Torah and it corresponds to the 24 special ornaments that a kala that a bride wears and wear hashem's bride and shas in fact the 24 animals are split into groups of 13 and 11 the 24 sacrifices and the books of are split into 13 and 11 and the ornaments of also split into 13 11 but I'm not going to discuss that now some people had a custom they would say on maz maz for receiving the but the mining goes in order that not to disturb the dn it became the custom to wait until after and only say then the maz of some people uh um have to be conscious of the fact that we try not to not to not to interrupt during doning and like I said the feast of sh is very important because eating and drinking is very important because it's the that we receive the Torah so we make kdish and we eat our meal in order to fulfill a mitzvah of kdish properly you need to have a meal after kdesh a meal can mean one of two things kdish without a meal is not called kdish a meal can mean a cup of wine ideally it should Another cup of wine besides the kdish cup and a full ravas of amount of kdish which is um about 3 oz give or take. Um or alternatively we could have food which is either hamzi or mazus about the size of a half egg the size of kazay. So otherwise we have enough of kish. If you're listening to someone say kdish and then later you want to eat your meal much later. That's not called having kdish. So we have the kdish. We eat something. We eat a proper meal for the day. It's a very special meal. It's a meal of it's a meal of that we've merited to go and receive the fromem. It's almost like in when we take a child into for the first time or it's not almost it is and the custom is to eat dairy food on it's a custom. There's a mitzvah to eat meat on every y but it's a custom to eat dairy. Now how do we accomplish both? So we eat milk and meat just make sure not to violate the prohibition of eating bas of eating meat and milk together. So we first eat dairy. The general custom is to eat misinus cake, cookies, pastries and later to wash our hands for a proper full-fledged meat meal. One of the reasons brought to eat nor to eat dairy is because one of the sacrifice that were brought on Shab is the two breads, the two loaves of bread. by having two meals. First a dairy meal and then a meat meal. A dairy meal we're eating misinus. That's it's also considered a bread and then we're eating a meat meal. So we're having two loaves of bread. And you can't use the same bread that you use for a dairy meal in a meat meal. But the custom of shouldn't take away the mitzvah of rejoicing of eating meat. Generally we're supposed to if we eat too much bread we run into a lot of too much mis run into a number of problems. The main mitz is washing having bread. Of you eat a lot of maz. You might eat some which is called a fixed meal. You become full from that. It might be a question of you have to make your maz. So a bit of dairy and then you move on to what's important which is the meat and not in one meal. You have to wait the proper amount of time. We'll get to that in a moment. But before I mention that, we hear kesh. We had some wine. Usually everybody drinks some wine. Once you make a braha on wine, you don't have to make a brah and any other liquids. If you can have a cup of milk or water or whatever it is, if you were planning to have it when you had the wine when you made a blessing on the wine or it was in front of you, the liquids were in front of you, you don't make a brah on any of those other liquids. So you drink a sip of wine and then the rest of liquids without a bra. When it comes to the after blessings, if you're going to be making an after blessing on your wine because you drank a full measurement as we said about 3 ounces, then you don't make another after blessing on any of those liquids either. If you don't make a braha cuz you didn't make kish, you just had a sip. So, you're not making an after blessing on the wine, then you will make on all those other drinks. After we eat our dairy meal, we take a break. It's not allow to be in one meal and there has to be a time. The custom inab is to wait a full hour. The hour is from when we finish eating dairy until we starting eating meat. It doesn't have to be from the end of one meal to the beginning of the other meal. And after that hour, we can eat now meat. And if somebody's coming late, and that happens sometimes, someone in the family is coming late, we have to make sure they would only eat meat and milk on the same table, have a different tablecloth, make some type of heck or some type of way to notice. There's certain cheeses that are 6 hours. We're not going to go into that right now. So that could be a problem. You can't eat meat because you have to wait 6 hours to have to eat those cheeses. American cheese is not six hours. And even regular yellow cheese, so there's definitely room to be lean. Even those that normally do wait six hours for that, if it's melted, it could be room to be leaning with that, too. When you're using a when you're eating a sharp food that was cut with a dairy knife, it's treated as though it's dairy. If it's a sharp food that's cut with a meat knife, it's treated as though it's meat. It doesn't necessarily make you dairy or make you meat meaty, but it's treated as though it's dairy and meat. And that's why a lot of people have special pair of knives for their onions and radishes and and garlic etc. So if somebody ate something was cut one of these if onion was cut with a dairy knife you shouldn't really be eating there's room there's there's many opinions say you shouldn't be eating it within 6 hours of meat because you're considered when you eat meat you're considered meaty and within 6 hours you shouldn't be eating an onion cut with a dairy knife. Cheesecake is a common food that we eat on sh. As long as it has any type of mazinus in it, even a small amount, if it's made to give taste, it becomes misinus. The after blessing is a bit complicated because in order to make an after blessing, you have to eat a measurement called the kaz about the volume of a half a but if it has a lot of cheese and a little bit of flour. So what's part of the kaz and what's not? That's a bit complicated. So if a six of the cake is from flour, then you're fine. However, if there's very little flour in it, then it's not so simple. If you make the after blessing from or is the after blessing for best is to make sure that you have a full a cake which is 100% that is six of it is or more is flour and ah you made you have to have in the place of a meal which either means another cup of wine or kaz of cake. So you should have cake which is for sure because it's a mitzvah of we mentioned so we're eating meat. Um in the time of the bas we ate sacrificial meat that was the actual mitzvah. Nowadays we don't have that same mitzvah. So for men the mitzvah is to have wine for children is to have sweets and woman is special clothing. But there's still a mitzvah even though meat is not the original mitzvah in the time of the B is still a mitzvah not a biblical mitzvah but rabbitic mitzvah of eating meat on and it's important not to lose of that very very special mitzvah a lot of people ask questions about showers and yam we don't have a lot of time left for this I'll talk about this very very briefly so you allow to heat up water on assuming that your boiler is a boiler that's permissible to use it's not one of those boilers that heat up that have no hot water in the system and it heats up water on demand which is the more modern kind of boilers but there's no boiler there whatever you just want just heats up puts a new fire and heats up water if you like you can use a yumptive if it's a boiler system that you could use and you use hot water regularly on yumpt if you allow to heat up water and wash to wash your face hands and feet less than the majority of your body on that's fine however washing heating up water to wash your whole body is a problem even if you didn't have to heat up the water for some reason you had water that was preheated from before yamv still the custom is not to wash the entire body at once. And alterba says you should not you're not allowed to change this custom but you're allowed to wash your body piece by piece a limb by limb part at a time with water that was been preheated from before yam. So again if the if you're turning on hot water on yam then you could only wash face hands and feet. If you're going to be using water that was in your earn, don't ask me how that's safe, but if that's what you're going to be doing, then you could wash your whole body, but piece by piece. Cold water. Technically, there's no problem with cold water, but the custom is not not to wash our bodies with cold water. Shabas or Yam, but again, you're allowed to wash face, hands, and feet with cold water. Shouldn't be a problem unless somebody's extremely sweaty or he has rashes or whatever it is and needs to have cold water, that's fine. He's allowed to wash cold water even his entire body because he's in in in a state of pain. I mean, make sure he doesn't squeeze his hair. Make sure not to use not to use soap. You can use liquid soap as long as they don't put it to your hair. The Reb instituted a custom that we should go the previous Reb should go to others make them happy. The custom of and that happens on the first day as the men go to others. The women are sitting at home and they want to prepare the meal. You can only prepare the meal once it becomes night. you now prepare the meal from the first day to the second day. So you have to wait until it's night. You want to take out meat from the freezer. So you can't to defrost. You can't take it on the first day. So it should defrost for the second day. If you're cooking for the first day, just make sure that's edible and it's time to eat it still on the very very first day. Comes the second night of sh you have to light candles. You have to wait. Use a pre-existing flame and wait till it's at night time already and light candles. If you don't have a pre-existing flame, you land ask a nonju to light candles for you. You don't have to wait till kdish. You can light right away when it comes to time. And again, it's a good idea not to push off lighting candles. Sometimes people try to borrow fire from someone else, but you can't take candles in the street even in a place where there's no wind right now, but a place where there could be wind because it might extinguish on. You have those people that have those non we spoke about that on Arab, it's a good idea to add water or oil. If you want to clean them, you could clean them. But the problem is the pieces inside are really all mukah and that could be a problem of how do you get them out cuz they're really mah. So if you put in water before y now you could just it doesn't stick and now you could take it take the glass to the garbage and once it's in the garbage you could shake it out that's fine. Same kdesh as the first night meal as the first night is similar system reading the Torah but we have yiskar as well even people that don't go to shul say yiskar as well if they don't have a father or a mother those who have a father or mother don't stay in shul they walk out of shul when ykar the memorial prayers for the deceased are said somebody who's in the year of morning stays in the shul but doesn't say yiskar the customs that we close the door to make sure only the people that are supposed to be there are in the shul some people for some odd reason eat their meals very very late. Now if somebody's eating the meal very late on yamtv and they're cooking something to eat and they're going to continue eating when it's already not yamt. So if you're cooking food on yam you're going to be eating it when it's not yv anymore cuz you're continuing your meal many hours into the night. You now want to cook a yam after yam. You can't cook like we said you can't cook on the first day for the second day and you can't cook on y. So on the first day normally person is late but they normally won't be eating because he can't eat before kdish. The minute it becomes sunset they'll stop eating. Although there is room to make kdish a middle of your meal we won't talk about that right now. On the second day people will want to they're starting their meal an hour before the night. They're heating up some food and they're going to be eating it at night. That's a problem. Cooking from yam after yam. You can't do that. is the Reb instituted a custom that come right before sunset and started actually eat a new meal and have a fabulan and sing the nagunim and that meal in order to wash our hands with a we eat a size at least a kabaya the size of volume of egg every time we wash on it's appropriate to have the person doesn't have he doesn't have then I should at least have one full loaf of bread every single time should have two loaves of bread and wash and eat one and then after yumptive After the meal is over, even if it's late at night, we still say because we started the meal when it was still day. We make we just don't say the on the spices and then the on the candle. And the day after say is connected to the tie to the we don't say as mentioned until the 12th day of it's the time now to pack unpack everything that we got in all the powerful stuff that we got in unpack and use it out to make sure we don't lose. It's like when you're going to the you're going to a to a to a fear and you got a lot of stuff with you. Now you have to open it all up and unpack it and make sure you use it properly. And on the day of is we celebrate as well. And those who who said y during the most important part of the prayers is the charity that you committed to the pledges. So it's important not to forget to make to actually honor those pledges because that's really what it's all about and best to do it right away not to push off a mitzvah. Hashem should help that this should be a year of success, a year of we all receive the of in a happy way, in a joyous way, in an in an internalized way and the ultimate if we receive the takes the new dimensions of that will emerge from with the coming of the coming of again and again for all those that arranged this year.