The Morning Birkat HaTorah: 2 or 3 Brachot? By Rabbi Dr. Ahron Adler

okay bov this year as all our shum this year are dedicated in memory of and the learning should also be a that should allow all of our to come home safely and all to come home safely and we should end this properly for the is whatever that's supposed to mean has an idea of what is all about um the page I just handed out now there might still be some carries a title 18th of M the 18th World Congress of Jewish studies which was conducted here inim in the summer of 2022 where I presented this particular topic but it has the sources that I want for the coming shim so you'll have to excuse me with the topic very strange title and in the that appear in now the r was a class AAR a thorad um while there are some ashar greats who um were were are somewhat of a hybrid sometimes because of relocation and sometimes because who their teachers were the rambam was not I'll just give you two examples one was the ramban RAB mosman clearly a spy giant no doubt Barcelona 13th century except that some of his teachers were from the balot were those who migrated from France so he has ashkanazi training as well so ramban is categorically a hybrid but but even more so rer known as The Rush The Rush was born in ashaz and migrates to Spain and becomes a Rin Toledo in the um in the 14th century already late 13th century beginning of 14th century he clearly writes his in the style of the toot so you can see that that he is in line with that kind of tradition yet when he writes his his respon when he's a Rob in Toledo in Spain it has the style of thei ranim so he was able to adapt to be a type ofi POS while on the other hand he was a Paran a one who exposited to explain the in the spirit of the to so this is something that we have I mean there are many of you may remember from Ocean Parkway in Brooklyn The raban liberman Who Rabbi of the Syrian Community you know how did that happen and how did Rabbi mayor salvic grandson of rabaran salv become the rabbi of the Spanish Portuguese synagogue in New York city so these things happen or for that matter the the was the father of rabak of emden the great R from Germany 300 years ago his father was was get a position in Amsterdam and he was a r over a Comm community of Spaniards who fled from the expulsion and they were now in Amsterdam a very large Jewish Community Jewish community and he becomes the RV and that's why he's named is is is what they told they gave to the Rabon of the spum and he's Thoroughbred ashkanazi except that he's rabana in AI community so he's the but so rjob emden his son is known as R Ben so the is the and the of end was more popularly known by his abbreviations yob Ben the yits and that generated the name javitz like in Jake javitz the great senator from New York State who was and the Javit Center in his memory in Manhattan who was a great great great great great great grandson of the and the not bad that's pretty good and he knew about it he knew about that but he wasn't he wasn't a bell of Jake jab but he was a friend of the Jews friend of Israel for sure okay so um at at this conference I spoke at and we'll see what means Mishra coming inas but let's look at the first two sources which I already brought to your attention the last two weeks and that has to do and this will kick us off where Raba makes a comment in the here is a general principle anybody who makes an era in the coined phrase that used to write to author to the and he is an era he has to repeat the I believe I mentioned it was last week or the week before that the ra restates this later down on the road in where he modifies he says yeah you are error but you fulfilled your obligation anyway as long as and that's Source number two can be said in any language so can you imagine you mentioned about the the way a person sayses you can even say in the vernacular in a different language by the way provided that you understand the language because if if you don't understand the Chinese and you're reading the brahan Chinese then there's no fulfillment of but if Chinese is your spoken language and you DAV in Chinese fine you know sometimes when I listen to it sounds like Chinese you know the way they but in any language the translation should follow the way the instituted the should have the component parts but if he doed in Hebrew but he somehow did not really say it in accordance with the precise coined language ho provided he mentions God's name and he mentions the fact that God is the king of the universe somehow the and the theme of the is there even in a foreign language he fulfilled his obligation now that's a far C from what he said earlier in so number one that if you don't say it precisely the way it was authored by you are an error and you have to repeat the whatever it might be and I believe I mentioned that the V believed that this was a changed position in the rambam and I have an idea that the rambam changed position based on a view in the Yi that's a story I'm not going to repeat but um this this this gives us a very very important uh uh kickoff that the language has to be correct now what happened with time because of of the expulsion of Jews from Merit Israel and you should know that the big expulsion did not happen at the time of the second destruction but happened at the aftermath of the boka Revolution which was in 135 136 of the Common Era about 65 years after theban that's when the expulsion really took place which means after theban in the year 70 most of the Jews who were here remained here of course we mentioned time in Memorial many times that most of Jews weren't even here in the first place for B cheni they were in bavel and there was already Jewish community in Egypt and there was a budding Jewish Community developing in Italy which becomes the embryonic um community of ashkenas ultimately Italian Jews move more North and they move to Germany France Germany and so on that becomes ashas but um you already have from the days of Kash a a very very small Jewish Community developing in Italy but you have a significant Jewish community in Egypt and the majority of Jews are in what modern day Iraq bavel Babylonian Jewish Community but you have Isel yeah so you have to check it out with the gabim you're absolutely right the the pace of the should be in accordance with the majority of the people ding day you cannot hold back the community because one person is having difficulty that you can't can't do because that would be tah that you're you're causing causing undo burden to the community but uh I've been in situations already where the Kazan was so fast that he he doesn't have his crowd with him when you're supposed to have a minion with him and that's bad and that's very very bad not one lady finishes yeah when okay is less problematic less problematic you don't need minion you don't need a minion has a nickname it's called because people have one foot out the so I'm saying is less problematic more problematic is if the Bor where the just speeds along and he's up to and kadad he doesn't have a minion with him you have to have a Minion for for Kad Kad kados I mean you can say this at home also but if it's in it should be done with a minion so the kazin should Pace himself that that the people should be able to be with him at all the stations uh that's more critical uh really more critical all even so you you you want to make sure that most of the people in with you when the say in the so you can't have a situation where there's 50 people in 10 people finished he doesn't have a Minion for kadha that's not right so in these cases if you feel that whether it's in the or in the men there people lagging behind severe so the gabim should be brought to their attention and they should discuss it and so on of course in some cases the gab is going to say d somewhere else but there that's not a solution in my opinion but I do have sometimes right I do have look in the week Dominion there some some legitimacy of diving a little faster because people are in a rush they fine they're in a rush and thank God they're coming to sh in the morning but what I do I come I'm the first I have the keys to the sh and I open the doors and open the lights and I'm there 15 20 minutes before ding starts you put on T like a mench and you start saying usually by time I get to up to so and I've instructed the after to cool it you know to take it you know moderately but they rush through zra if they going to rush through zra so you might as well get a jump start and and um and and and and d a head because there's no concept of that's why a five-year-old could be the quote unquote forra he's just a pay Setter and by the there is no zra there everybody sitting down and one gentleman say is saying it out loud word for word the entire zra and that goes back to the days where people didn't have so there was a need for somebody to say it out loud and and and everybody just follows along and and he keeps Pace that's all it is the starts with Kadesh after that's the way the r says because that's when starts when the first kades after that's so if there's a problem of getting you know because of slowly saying sura which is a proper thing to do all you do is come a little early that's all but with regard to the other times then you can just dress bring the the gab's attention or the V the board of the so they should talk about it yeah yeah can't have any Chang we're talking about yeah but the subject is the the subject that the r makes this comment is the before and after and by the way you already stumbled on one of the answers that some people give to this pseudo contradiction between Source One and Source two and they say when it comes to the phrase that ends when it comes to the ending that's where the r was a stickler it has to be precise when the raham talks about Source number two he's talking about the body of the braa so there he lets go a little bit and he says well it can be in any language and it can be in every form as long as it conforms to the theme of the bra and so on so that's one of the solutions to this uh the VIN didn't like that solution he knew it he just said no raham changed his mind finished and you know when whenever somebody said that raham changed mind I'm in business you know then then then I was happy fine ra change his mind okay but it was the galut that caused the dispersions of Jewish people throughout the world after the Bara Revolution and the breakdown of central halakic Authority with the abandonment of the Sanhedrin the Sanhedrin no longer could function in the way it functioned and that was to be a a final word in the oral law to which means when the when the uh let's say B chain second mdash ER the Sanhedrin function so there was no such thing as different you know where a different may have developed on Babylonian soil because they didn't have the communication with ER Isel but occasionally great from Merit Israel did came down to bavel and told them what the decision of the and then sometimes they adjusted it and and sometimes they they didn't adjust sometimes there were that developed independently in bavel and became part of our ritual for example Hal ones there's no such animal ases Hal was instituted for 18 specific days and they are the eight days of sukot the 8 days of Kaneka that's already 16 first day of PES and one day of sh in three for the sh three times around 21 days that's the mitzah of where you have the exact text of from that's that is fine and we make a ra who is the great am in B hails for merit Isel Studies by descends to B and he's known he's a known Persona already and he comes toes and he went ballistic they're saying Hal what do you mean Hal who says Hales there was no such animal in Earth Isel saying but then when he saw that they skipped the chapter or half a chapter here and skipped a half a chapter there he cooled down he calmed down okay it's only a Min it's only a Min Min so you what is Hal it's t it's the hill so you know so some of you know that I have a fascination of uh flying so for my 70th birthday you know my kids bought me a a flight lesson oh yeah yeah so I flew I flew for an hour with a instructor but I I did it did the whole thing did the whole thing fine so my wife said you let me know when you land don't let me know before and then she said that day happened to have been roses it happened toes she said all of Amel was saying till for you usually the passenger s right right right okay said that's good that's good as long as he did it by the red light yeah if he didn't do it at the red light I'd be a little bit worried right they say a story of uh the uh you know two people in sh one DAV you know very well and Sh with a lot of kav everything and and and after 120 years he goes up and he sees that there's a taxi driver that's going into ganaden before him and not even a religious taxi driver so so he asked aosh you know why why is this not fair he says this Taxi Driver generated more tilling than anybody else they said you know sometimes it's not even funny so so the uh RAV the raav sees in B that they're saying Hal but then notices that they're abbreviating the Hal and he calmed down he said okay it's only a Min so this Min C on this Min on then became the big issue do you say a on ones which is only a Min so the ram says for sure no it's only a we don't make a br on a we make a even on a mitvah so ra says is a institution but on we say like on we say on the that's not a problem the but if it's a so there's no but ra who's rashi's grandson said that we do make the ones and that became until this very day you go to a and ones and there's no before in accordance with the R's opinion and the ramb against ra rash's grandson that filters down to between and becomes a class of and which is okay and um R who's you know thori who's fighting to store spy Min and he actually believed that all of us here in Isel no matter where we came from become Spar automatically by coming an alah because rfo was the marra was the ra when wasar 400 years in the 16th century so none of the posim agreed with him on this but he said that if you prefer to keep Minash you have upon whom to rely that's very nice but he also said that if you go if if a asazi is going to worry that he said the every that after 120 years God's going to accuse him of uttering in vain can calm down because there's a principle in if you're covered by a that you do say for something so you're not going to be held accountable for a in vain you know I was worried yeah the first was that originally that way or was no that's also so on when we say if we know it's not 50% abbreviated abbreviated Hal it's on the last from the second day of p on Rah says no BR same thing same thing only time there's a br is when it's complete and by the way Ra's was to complete and that's a modern idiomatic expression when you want to he save all pray you know I want to shower you with all Praises we say that's a phrase but the background of that is which is the and fine yeah J it could be I'm not familiar okay teach yourself to if you don't know you don't know I have across the street I'm going to be there I'm never in the in K I'm going to barai forar so if I see aik there I will try to remember to ask him what the Min is that would have to do with the first re who wrote his own it's called and it could be that he adopted the rah's position on this it could be okay I have to check have to check but generally Ash do say Hal on the the um last week we also dealt with issues of so so what I mentioned the business of galut let me get back to this that this caused differences of nusa because we were far away we did not have Central hak Authority things develop in terms of change of sometimes deliberately and sometimes inadvertently by copying you have to realize you didn't have printing press everything was handwritten and some say that the way um Movement we call in Yiddish shuckling by daving was a result of one person had a written sther and six people around him would share the sther so everybody would move and take take a peek and move back and let the next person move and take a peak and that's how this developed as a custom of shaking during daving simply something like that and it's very likely there was some truth to this so you have people daving by heart you had people who didn't DAV at all they just listen to the Kars the daving and if you were someone who did not know how to DAV and you wanted the to be you so you had to stand with two feet together listen to every single word like Kish Friday night you listen to every single word cuz person's making Kish on your behalf and it's not just the answering of at the end which by the way if you're listening to every single word you actually don't even have to answer aain because you listen to every single word but we answer amain because most of us don't always listen to every single word you know you you blank out somehow in the middle so if you say it's like ditto you know it's like I said it it says if you said it that's why we fulfill Our obligation for Kish Friday Night by having one person saying KES but today everybody but the point out that that even though we have there plenty of people in the world who come to who don't know how to so actually has to have that he wants to be people during on a Monday morning Shak you don't have to bother anybody coming to SCH usually knows that a so but we still go through the motions of and so on but it becomes more acute his position why he's there and and so on so you have differences of that have developed and it's not just there's and and there there's there there a whole plethora of different of North Africa and so on said that sometimes the Es are minor and just a you know slight change of a word here and there and sometimes it's even major fine so today it's kib time everybody's coming back to is so what's the is so we don't have yet A is for most things there are a handful of things that we have congealed but what's happening is that under the there's and I say this in a positive sense intermarriage inter ethnic marriages the majority of the weddings in her Israel today are inter ethnic except for one grouping there's one grouping it's the ashkanazi grouping it's the only grouping that does not see favorably view favorably inter um ethnic marriages but uh it's only a question of time that they'll come around because most of the grandchild already have some uh others other ethnic identities in their blood and uh and eventually eventually even without Sanhedrin Amel is going to merge with come around with one type of a here in is I'm sure it's going to happen but may take another 50 to 200 years or it'll happen with the emergence of the Sanhedrin and then they're going to be decisions taken on each whatever the is going to be so this is important and I mentioned the fact that not only are the words important but where you put the punctuation sometimes makes a big difference so on the page that I handed out not now but just I'm just going to go through this very very quickly to give you some examples when we say it in the morning before we're talking about now right some people say they all say together Kad now the the allowance or the license for us to say kados kados kados is that theim said it how do we know that they said it because yes got a peak in he in the he he sees the saying and they say to each other and that's what he what saw and heard was those are the two expressions of and we say in right we say how are we going to express words the way they did it up there how do we know this it's brought it to the we're going to call upon they said to each other right this is all from the the scene of The Chariot that sees so we are simply repeating the language of K so we say it before we say they accept upon themselves the Yoke of Heaven they are with it and in very clear and melodious language they all say the so K is a noun it means the text of whereas others say the [Music] following it's a it's a it's an adjective with holy Melody holy Melody all of them say it together so what is it is it as a noun where the K comes before or is it well depends which city you open up has the comma before and is a noun and and some people who have moved the K and the word now becomes an adjective so again you're GNA see this in a s and it's not that the printer made a mistake there are two different Traditions as to how to say this what bothers me is I know people who say and say you are wrong by saying no we're not wrong we have a tradition Rashi in his commentary to yes per says knows he lifts the of out of context and he puts it in his per and I also found one of the saying also so that is correct and that is also correct and you say what you say either we say what your grandfather said or you just pick and but or what the what if if the has one so go in line with the but you have the movement of the K makes a big difference how we say this or for example when when they're no so they instituted or is it which is it is it or is it well is it it's a it's a three so it should be where is this found it's found in the Tor or is it a that finds itself three times in the Kish now is it three times in the it's only once in the right it's ah one second there's also a where the text is not there but it says that AR raised his hands and gave a and Rashi says this was the text of the so you have at least a second mentioning implicit and then there are midashim that suggest a third reference notice when the world of medish you can squeeze out three times in the so you have this it's three times found in the OR but it's only found once where this has to do with the Kama where do you put the Kama makes a difference but maybe the the one that really can blow us away is we all respond toes how do you say it do you say or do you say you look at you're going to see both or none none or some printers decided not to stick their head M they put commas in both places that makes it even easier right so this is discussed in a to in the beginning of whether you should say it this way or that way favored the and to there gives two explanations what it can mean this way it can mean that way I'm just pointing out as another example where a comma positioned in after one word means one thing and it's positioned towards down the road means something else the whole thing should means something else so this we have to be careful about let's look at our page and see what we have here in Source number three this is from the laws of the subject is now we say the morning as a part of the of the morning you open up a before you even get started you have bot shakar I would even tell advise people bot shakar let's assume before daving a you want to nibble something because you're just very hungry so you know thear tells us that we should DAV before we eat okay acceptable DAV before eat there's a there's a a reference it's not biblical don't get me wrong here but there's a reference that the says on what does it mean don't eat on blood what does that mean it's explained in different ways so one way says don't eat before you pray for your blood for your health that is to say fine the Ram comes along and tells us if you're hungry then you have a of a sick person and then you can eat so a sick person doesn't have to worry about this and Rah says you don't have to be deathly ill if you're hungry that's good enough because Rah realized that if you're going to go into D you know with a lot of hunger pangs and starving you're not going to d right anyway you're going to D too quickly here goes too quickly you're going to have much too quickly it's not worth it it's just not worth it so you might as well eat something what you should do is have a full blown breakfast you know that for sure not but the idea of uh s of pokim started getting into this business of you know how much are you allowed to eat before so some say you know to drink that's okay water fine tea fine with sugar without sugar all kinds of discussions all the poim start you know jumping on the bandwagon and and and so on the other thing is that if you really feel that you know especially in a shop this morning you know you're going go sh at 9:00 in the morning 8:30 in the morning and you're going to come back at 11:30 and you didn't eat anything that's a problem of not fasting on Shabbat you're not allowed to do that so in any case whether it's Shabbat or weekday and I will stress that on Shabbat there's no obligation to say KES in the morning before you shakas because people say how can you eat before before KES the obligation of Kes kicks in after shakas not after M after shakas so if whatever reason the wants to have a break like sometimes on rash before there are many shs that have a break before and mus and people make Kish so that's perfectly okay and you don't even have to wait for K but usually that's what the sh would do they would Lane first and finish up with laning and then you know go out for a break but um the idea of uh of of eating in the morning having something on Shabbat or Y before daving you don't have to worry about KES because there's no obligation for KES before you even di fine took care of that but um as long as you sayak Bak is something one should say before eating or drinking whether it's a weekday whether it's Shabbat and then you know you want to have a cup of coffee you want to have a cup of tea you want to my mother used to say that the BR on a cup of tea is you never sit down to a cup of tea without a piece of cake Right Said the of tea is fine so that you want to something something it's not as I always say I've heard of bigger of ays so I remember once I was on one of the Poland trips and we were sitting shabas morning in the hotel before going out to Sho and I always make sure that there's some drinks hot drinks and some cake to eat and so on and and gentleman comes over to me as I'm finishing up a piece of cake and he says isn't it true you're not allow to eat before DAV and it was you know that was really I mean the timing was impeccable I said I said there's a r that I can eat really what does the ram say R says if you're hungry have a din I'm hungry St eating that's all simple as that I mean to accuse me really something you but but I always very careful to say before because is quasi it's it's not formal it's not but nevertheless it's something so one of the things that we say in is now it factors into the Sid but it's an independent obligation if you happen to wake up at 4 in the morning before you can even say because it's not the the this it hasn't you know fall break but you want to study so ra tells us here Source number three if you're going to study Tor before you reach and whether it's you're studying you want to read till them for that matter or you want to study you want to stud so what do he do have to wash your hands says the r there are three in ra is telling us you have to say in the morning even it's before the time of daving because this allows you to study to fine and there's nothing wrong it's very commendable that a person is going to study to at 4 in the morning if he gets up at 4 in the morning fine so you have to say I will just say that the says categorically using four words it's it's equality across the board here why is that important and who says it it's rosf Caro the SPI because Roso theity Echoes the rambam sentiment that when it comes to the time bound mitv like lul any time bound Mitzvah that comes along with a so the rambam said women who are allowed to voluntarily fulfill these mitv should do it without a and that's how says it in and that's how waved the the banner of let's get the back on track and and women do not say why not the explained explained because the r explained understood the word v in the he who is obligated if the obligation is not there you don't make a argued with the r on this and said that a woman does make a on and that's why the says it and that's why womeni women do make the so one second what do he do with the word v well he understood it differently obviously so there two ways to understand how r understood Vu so most people understand it that R understood the word Vu that it wasn't on the person doing the Mitzvah right now but it's on CL Isel I mean why in the world is the woman going into the Suka because there's a why in the world is she listening to theer because there's a that's why she's doing it so CL was given the Mitzvah so she's part of Vu as part of Cl Isel irrespective of the fact that as a woman she may not have been obligated to do this particular Mitzvah but this particular Mitzvah is part of the Torah of for cl fine the had a different take on this he's used a a a a split that's that's classic from the lamban of brisk the difference between and an obligation and a fulfillment and he said that that the is one thing the Kum the Fulfillment is something else you can be in a scenario where you're not obligated but you voluntarily do the Mitzvah so what is it just a an act that has no value absolutely not it's a fulfillment of a Mitzvah 100% And the object of the Mitzvah has to be 100% kosher even the mahadin has to be good and and a woman who opts to fulfill a that she is exempt is in 100% fulfillment of the Mitzvah it's not partial fulfillment it's 100% fulfillment and that's this split between and obligation and fulfillment is the way the briskers explain the dispute between the RAM and the ran about living inel because the ran counts it as one of the 613 and says you have to pick yourself up and move and he did it I mean it took him four years to get there because the flight from Barcelona to Tel didn't run that day in 1263 but he made it ter Isel after 4 years but the rambam does not count it as part of the 613 yet the R glorifies living in Earth Isel so what's going on here so the said that the r believes that it's a fulfilled Mitzvah when you come in alah you are in fulfillment of the Mitzvah of even though it wasn't part of the list of the 613 that obligated you so this split between and exists in the Lexicon of the L of brisk and that's how understood the difference between and for the word Vu that according to you can say V even if you are in just in fulfillment of the Mitzvah that's good enough to say Vu you don't have to be in the obligatory box you can be in the Kum box and and then that's going to be good enough and that's the way ashkanazi women do they say V on all the mitv that they do for sure so so the but that's the the dispute between ra fine but there's no there's no no dispute whatsoever even the believe that there's an obligation for a woman to say in the morning before she studies Tor why so the answer is because the bir Tor has nothing to do with the obligation for Torah study without getting into the whole discussion of of of of differences between men and women obligation of Torah study that's not the issue here the idea is that the Torah itself the be study of Torah demands that words of of Praise are said before you start studying that's based on a just mentioning God's name and God's name in a wide sense not just specifically mentioning God's name but everything about toat m is mentioning God's name anything any even what came out of Bam's donkey's mouth it's Tor it's God's word and and and therefore we have to bring and offer words of of greatness and praise to so this has nothing to do with obligation or fulfillment it's a completely different notion of why we say and hence women are obligated in and what's interesting and again when I'm going to say something I'm not saying that I'm voting for this uh procedure but in those very modern Orthodox settings that would like to offer a woman in Al and let's just say it's in the context of just women daving okay just whatever it is the um the the problem is how how if kazal didn't establish except in the context of a minion and 10 women does not constitute a minion I'm not going to be terribly apologetic about it how can you have Tora the answer is they tell the women who are going to get alot not to say the b in the morning until they called up to the T and then to say the which is the of in the morning so they get it done before then so there's no okay I'm just saying is a lot of thought was given to to to this uh uh but I'll really blow you away now so but you have to put your seat belts on I don't want anybody falling off their chair now please please please please please please the um the question of a minion of 10an the whole minion is 10an that can happen my father-in-law of sh was a and he remembers that in frankurt the family used to have a sa and and and by his father and they would have a family minion for Min chabas which means they laned how do you give out alas if everybody's a Cen everybody oh so that's the easy one so is a Cen fine Mar a so is your family also K not just no okay so you married up my wife married down see so so what do you do so he says right that's what most poim say if everybody's a Cen why don't we give why because somebody's going to say ah RAB Kahana said he's a I saw him get so really he's not aen it's going to it's going to cause a rumor of the of the pedigree of the family so don't give Kanas and Coen and cats that's coed and katsman and catenin and Katan and and and and Kaplan which became Chaplin like in Charlie Chaplain So Not only was he a shus but he was also a k you know yeah so all these kohanim names right and aai if you're a Moroccan why is aai the abbreviation of for the yeah I learned this from you know my great teacher in Hebrew so so you have all these names ofanim and so on so so everybody says if the whole you don't have to worry about because everybody knows that they're all you give the only thing we do today we give a m because ma is not even in alah and if it's not but if we give extras we give give us so then you can give a a lot of times they do this at AZ of a family of so you know you want to get the grandfather here you want to get a brother give aah the only way to do it is to make an and because himself is going to get M so he can do it that's not a problem but there's a chuva from marenberg who's maram marenberg he is the closer of the Bal Germany 14th century he early 14th century late 13th C he dies on K in a p and and and and his what happened was with actually he was kidnapped he was a hostage he was a hostage and and the and the church wanted Ransom money from the community and you know they were willing to Ransom him but he pin no because it's going to bring about more kidnappings so they didn't allow his body out for years years till eventually they let his body out for Kura so so ra was a kados was a mo for sure and he was the last of the the end of the period of the to the most acclaimed Pake of his generation and it is important for you to understand this because when you hear is what do you do when you have a with says well you give the first alyah and he gets the second alah that's what we do when there's no le and then you call up women women see good thing FY had a seat belt on cuz she was ready to fall off the chair ready for the chair right give women why do women not get a leave says not that people are going to feel uncomfortable and the women going walk up it might be might have all kinds of thoughts when she walks up if she's a good-look lady and so on it's just Yiddish we say SP it just doesn't fit doesn't fit okay but said I would rather not budge on the not to give even though here in this case it could work okay he understood that but I don't want to budge with this because this is Ironclad I'd rather budge with giving a woman an Ayah now that became used this truva by the conservative movement in America you see rutenber pasin the woman get aah okay Bes said that but he said it in these circumstances but ra also used this Chua for what purpose there was a scenario once in a in America where there was aim could Bez whatever it was and guess come so what happens when a woman comes to SCH she doesn't know how to get into she by accident falls into the men's section it can happen you know so what do you do you politely you know tell the woman we the door for the sh is that that's the end of the story so this woman came in in the middle of laning like some women come a little late and she came in the middle of laning okay so somebody escorted her out so every SCH has a zealot a Kan and this Kan yells and he says that b should repeat theum that were laned when the woman was there and he made a whole thing about it like the biggest Mitzvah in the world is to embarrass the woman publicly that's like a very big Mitzvah you know and and there was a in the how to handle this soab somebody wrote to ra that he should give a ruling on this so he said oh yeah of course it was a what exactly was the question the question was that he said this man said that the moments that the woman was in the men's section so there was a Prof the profaning of the kadia of the besset and hence the laning of those two three that went on while this woman was standing there was invalidated and had to be reread that's what the guy claimed so Raa says yeah there was a that guy's Outburst was a that's what he he calls it as it was because you know don't draft me into being on his side and not only that but I'm going to prove to you I'm going to prove to you that there's no Prof profaning of K said even if God forbid an an AA was done a real AA and he cites a Chua from the Middle Ages where on Friday night the Shamus of the sh was having an affair with a married woman in the community in the sh and then that story broke and somebody claimed that the sho's sanctity was profane and the sa was it wasn't it wasn't so for sure this was not a you know profaning of Shem and then he goes further and he says but the said if the whole SCH was justan so then from you give women a leas you see that a woman can be in sh during Ling that's his proof so while ra would never have said that ra if somebody would have asked him what do I do to he would have said what F just said end the discussion but he dra the chuva of RA service to prove that a woman getting an Ayah doesn't cause the profaning of the Kad so what are you doing with this guest who walked in for two seconds you know make a whole rash and so on so I'm just saying that that trua of ramar was was actually very important so now you're going to say how many people know of that trua of the ramar so a lot of people don't know it from the tras of the mor from the book The respon of literature but he had a great fortune that he was quoted by his talmid who was the student of moram Rutenberg and he happened to have been his nephew as well and he also died as a modder in 1298 I'm talking about the author of The if you look at source number four Source number four it says was an asazi Thor bread again nephew and student of Mor Rutenberg who looks at the rambam book and he's going to tell us what we ashm do to a certain degree he does to the rambam what to what does do he writes a it's a prepared table what does the ra do he puts the M he calls it the tablecloth I'm putting the ashkanazi tablecloth on it so it becomes ashkanazi friendly so the ashkanazi can also use the book fine so today is a tennis match between svat and Kow you're going back and forth but the printer did us a favor by printing Roso in bold letters and R in Rashi print so you know right away that you've moved fromat the view to out the asazi view is doing that for but early on in life in history did the same thing for the Ramba and he makes it ashkanazi friendly look theah says that on you make at night okay for and in the morning again and says the name of his we repeat the in the morning so if an asazi is learning the raan and you you you all of a sudden you take a second time what do you mean we don't do this you take a peek down in the page to more often than not he's going to draw attention the fact that the as do it somewhat differently somewhat differently fine so here we're going to see an example of where you have a of the so I'm just going to introduce it now we're going to do it next week in begins that's what say fine on that difference we'll talk about next week as well and then comes the continuation does it continue or is there a v or is there no V Let's look just look for a second and Source number three where I'm reading it says the second line you made three and then you study you read you stud and here they are and then it says right that's what it says you see it I have it on the line jump down to Source number fours with a now if he's commenting and saying that by us it's with a what was there in his text of the rabam it clearly without he was commenting that in the r says but I'm telling you we it's continuation what is a it's a conjunction it continues the previous and the next so you have one long according to that begins with first second says there three why first ends with now and ends and then come the third is not just on a but is do we have two or three that's the what's behind that but one thing is clear the printers inadvertently printed in the round and that's why I have it here Source number three the printers inadvertently printed how did that happen stay tuned next week now you're going to have to come next week because I'm going to leave you you know this suspense the suspense but we've learned who the M wenberg was who the OT the author of who was his nephew there was a there was a um there was a program in r r FL Germany in 1298 that's where he perished and I know about it because two of my colleagues in the two years ago when I was in the fellowship in Harvard they were experts in medieval Jewish history one was a Goya a Goya lovely girl I'll mention her name Sophia sh who knew the Chas of morama marenberg by heart I couldn't believe it I couldn't believe it she knew the CH and do the me are difficult and I was sitting there embarrassed so she told me you know the RAB heart I don't know the R by heart oh know so she told me about The Flash program in 129 you you have